• 2026 年 4 月 30 日之後， AWS Systems Manager CloudWatch Dashboard 將不再可用。客戶可以繼續使用 Amazon CloudWatch 主控台來檢視、建立和管理其 Amazon CloudWatch 儀表板，就像現在一樣。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 [Amazon CloudWatch Dashboard 文件](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/CloudWatch_Dashboards.html)。
本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本，如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處，概以英文版為準。
# 設定現有的 CloudWatch 警示以建立 OpsItems (以程式設計方式)
您可以使用 AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)、 AWS CloudFormation 範本或Java程式碼片段，設定 Amazon CloudWatch 警示以OpsItems程式設計方式建立 。
**Topics**
+ [
## 開始之前
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)
+ [
## 設定 CloudWatch 警示以建立 OpsItems (AWS CLI)
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-manually-configure-cli)
+ [
## 設定 CloudWatch 警示以建立或更新 OpsItems (CloudFormation)
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-programmatically-configure-CloudFormation)
+ [
## 設定 CloudWatch 警示以建立或更新 OpsItems (Java)
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-programmatically-configure-java)
## 開始之前
如果以程式設計方式編輯現有的警示，或建立警示 (該警示會建立 OpsItems)，則您必須指定 Amazon Resource Name (ARN)。此 ARN 可識別 Systems Manager OpsCenter 作為從警示建立之 OpsItems 的目標。您可以自訂 ARN，以便從警示建立之 OpsItems 包含特定資訊，例如嚴重性或類別。每個 ARN 包含下表中所述的資訊。
****
| 參數 | 詳細資訊 |
| --- | --- |
| `Region` (必要) | AWS 區域 警示所在的 。例如：`us-west-2`。如需您可在其中使用 OpsCenter 之 AWS 區域 相關資訊，請參閱 [AWS Systems Manager 端點和配額](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/ssm.html)。 |
| `account_ID` (必要) | 用來建立警示的相同 AWS 帳戶 ID。例如：`123456789012`。帳戶 ID 後面必須加上冒號 (`:`) 和參數 `opsitem`，如下列範例所示。 |
| `severity` (必要) | 從警示建立之 OpsItems 的使用者定義嚴重性層級。有效值：`1`、`2`、`3`、`4` |
| `Category` (選用) | 從警示建立之 OpsItems 的類別 有效值：`Availability`、`Cost`、`Performance`、`Recovery` 和 `Security`。 |
使用下列語法建立 ARN。此 ARN 不包含選用的 `Category` 參數。
```
arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity
```
以下是範例。
```
arn:aws:ssm:us-west-2:123456789012:opsitem:3
```
若要建立使用選用 `Category` 參數的 ARN，請使用下列語法。
```
arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name
```
以下是範例。
```
arn:aws:ssm:us-west-2:123456789012:opsitem:3#CATEGORY=Security
```
## 設定 CloudWatch 警示以建立 OpsItems (AWS CLI)
此命令要求您為 `alarm-actions` 參數指定 ARN。如需如何建立 ARN 的相關資訊，請參閱 [開始之前](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)。
**設定 CloudWatch 警示以建立 OpsItems (AWS CLI)**
1. 如果您尚未安裝並設定 AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)，請安裝並設定 。
如需相關資訊，請參閱[安裝或更新最新版本的 AWS CLI](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/getting-started-install.html)。
1. 執行下列命令以收集您要設定之警示的相關資訊。
```
aws cloudwatch describe-alarms --alarm-names "alarm name"
```
1. 執行下列命令以更新警示。將每個*範例資源預留位置*取代為您自己的資訊。
```
aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name name \
--alarm-description "description" \
--metric-name name --namespace namespace \
--statistic statistic --period value --threshold value \
--comparison-operator value \
--dimensions "dimensions" --evaluation-periods value \
--alarm-actions arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name \
--unit unit
```
範例如下。
------
#### [ Linux & macOS ]
```
aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name cpu-mon \
--alarm-description "Alarm when CPU exceeds 70 percent" \
--metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace AWS/EC2 \
--statistic Average --period 300 --threshold 70 \
--comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold \
--dimensions "Name=InstanceId,Value=i-12345678" --evaluation-periods 2 \
--alarm-actions arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:123456789012:opsitem:3#CATEGORY=Security \
--unit Percent
```
------
#### [ Windows ]
```
aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name cpu-mon ^
--alarm-description "Alarm when CPU exceeds 70 percent" ^
--metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace AWS/EC2 ^
--statistic Average --period 300 --threshold 70 ^
--comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold ^
--dimensions "Name=InstanceId,Value=i-12345678" --evaluation-periods 2 ^
--alarm-actions arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:123456789012:opsitem:3#CATEGORY=Security ^
--unit Percent
```
------
## 設定 CloudWatch 警示以建立或更新 OpsItems (CloudFormation)
本節包含可用來設定 CloudWatch 警示以自動建立或更新 的 AWS CloudFormation 範本OpsItems。每個範本都要求您為 `AlarmActions` 參數指定 ARN。如需如何建立 ARN 的相關資訊，請參閱 [開始之前](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)。
**指標警示** – 使用下列 CloudFormation 範本來建立或更新 CloudWatch 指標警示。此範本中指定的警示會監控 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) 執行個體狀態檢查。如果警示進入 `ALARM` 狀態，它會在 OpsCenter 中建立 OpsItem。
```
{
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
"Parameters" : {
"RecoveryInstance" : {
"Description" : "The EC2 instance ID to associate this alarm with.",
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance::Id"
}
},
"Resources": {
"RecoveryTestAlarm": {
"Type": "AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm",
"Properties": {
"AlarmDescription": "Run a recovery action when instance status check fails for 15 consecutive minutes.",
"Namespace": "AWS/EC2" ,
"MetricName": "StatusCheckFailed_System",
"Statistic": "Minimum",
"Period": "60",
"EvaluationPeriods": "15",
"ComparisonOperator": "GreaterThanThreshold",
"Threshold": "0",
"AlarmActions": [ {"Fn::Join" : ["", ["arn:arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name", { "Ref" : "AWS::Partition" }, ":ssm:", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, { "Ref" : "AWS:: AccountId" }, ":opsitem:3" ]]} ],
"Dimensions": [{"Name": "InstanceId","Value": {"Ref": "RecoveryInstance"}}]
}
}
}
}
```
**複合警示** – 使用下列 CloudFormation 範本來建立或更新複合警示。複合警示由多個指標警示組成。如果警示進入 `ALARM` 狀態，它會在 OpsCenter 中建立 OpsItem。
```
"Resources":{
"HighResourceUsage":{
"Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::CompositeAlarm",
"Properties":{
"AlarmName":"HighResourceUsage",
"AlarmRule":"(ALARM(HighCPUUsage) OR ALARM(HighMemoryUsage)) AND NOT ALARM(DeploymentInProgress)",
"AlarmActions":"arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name",
"AlarmDescription":"Indicates that the system resource usage is high while no known deployment is in progress"
},
"DependsOn":[
"DeploymentInProgress",
"HighCPUUsage",
"HighMemoryUsage"
]
},
"DeploymentInProgress":{
"Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::CompositeAlarm",
"Properties":{
"AlarmName":"DeploymentInProgress",
"AlarmRule":"FALSE",
"AlarmDescription":"Manually updated to TRUE/FALSE to disable other alarms"
}
},
"HighCPUUsage":{
"Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm",
"Properties":{
"AlarmDescription":"CPUusageishigh",
"AlarmName":"HighCPUUsage",
"ComparisonOperator":"GreaterThanThreshold",
"EvaluationPeriods":1,
"MetricName":"CPUUsage",
"Namespace":"CustomNamespace",
"Period":60,
"Statistic":"Average",
"Threshold":70,
"TreatMissingData":"notBreaching"
}
},
"HighMemoryUsage":{
"Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm",
"Properties":{
"AlarmDescription":"Memoryusageishigh",
"AlarmName":"HighMemoryUsage",
"ComparisonOperator":"GreaterThanThreshold",
"EvaluationPeriods":1,
"MetricName":"MemoryUsage",
"Namespace":"CustomNamespace",
"Period":60,
"Statistic":"Average",
"Threshold":65,
"TreatMissingData":"breaching"
}
}
}
```
## 設定 CloudWatch 警示以建立或更新 OpsItems (Java)
本節包含 Java 程式碼片段，您可以用這些程式碼片段來設定 CloudWatch 警示以自動建立或更新 OpsItems。每個程式碼片段都要求您為 `validSsmActionStr` 參數指定 ARN。如需如何建立 ARN 的相關資訊，請參閱 [開始之前](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)。
**特定警示** – 使用以下 Java 程式碼片段來建立或更新 CloudWatch 警示。此範本中指定的警示會監控 Amazon EC2 執行個體狀態檢查。如果警示進入 `ALARM` 狀態，它會在 OpsCenter 中建立 OpsItem。
```
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatch;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.ComparisonOperator;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.Dimension;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.PutMetricAlarmRequest;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.PutMetricAlarmResult;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.StandardUnit;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.Statistic;
private void putMetricAlarmWithSsmAction() {
final AmazonCloudWatch cw =
AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder.defaultClient();
Dimension dimension = new Dimension()
.withName("InstanceId")
.withValue(instanceId);
String validSsmActionStr = "arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name";
PutMetricAlarmRequest request = new PutMetricAlarmRequest()
.withAlarmName(alarmName)
.withComparisonOperator(
ComparisonOperator.GreaterThanThreshold)
.withEvaluationPeriods(1)
.withMetricName("CPUUtilization")
.withNamespace("AWS/EC2")
.withPeriod(60)
.withStatistic(Statistic.Average)
.withThreshold(70.0)
.withActionsEnabled(false)
.withAlarmDescription(
"Alarm when server CPU utilization exceeds 70%")
.withUnit(StandardUnit.Seconds)
.withDimensions(dimension)
.withAlarmActions(validSsmActionStr);
PutMetricAlarmResult response = cw.putMetricAlarm(request);
}
```
**更新所有警示** – 使用以下 Java 程式碼片段來更新 AWS 帳戶 中的所有 CloudWatch 警示，以在警示進入 `ALARM` 狀態時建立 OpsItems。
```
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatch;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.DescribeAlarmsRequest;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.DescribeAlarmsResult;
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.MetricAlarm;
private void listMetricAlarmsAndAddSsmAction() {
final AmazonCloudWatch cw = AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder.defaultClient();
boolean done = false;
DescribeAlarmsRequest request = new DescribeAlarmsRequest();
String validSsmActionStr = "arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name";
while(!done) {
DescribeAlarmsResult response = cw.describeAlarms(request);
for(MetricAlarm alarm : response.getMetricAlarms()) {
// assuming there are no alarm actions added for the metric alarm
alarm.setAlarmActions(ImmutableList.of(validSsmActionStr));
}
request.setNextToken(response.getNextToken());
if(response.getNextToken() == null) {
done = true;
}
}
}
```