• AWS Systems Manager CloudWatch 控制面板在 2026 年 4 月 30 日之后将不再可用。客户可以像现在一样继续使用 Amazon CloudWatch 控制台来查看、创建和管理其 Amazon CloudWatch 控制面板。有关更多信息，请参阅 [Amazon CloudWatch 控制面板文档](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/CloudWatch_Dashboards.html)。

# 将现有 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建 OpsItems（以编程方式）
<a name="OpsCenter-configuring-an-existing-alarm-programmatically"></a>

您可以将 Amazon CloudWatch 警报配置为使用 AWS Command Line Interface（AWS CLI）、AWS CloudFormation 模板或 Java 代码段以编程方式创建 OpsItems。

**Topics**
+ [

## 开始前的准备工作
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)
+ [

## 将 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建 OpsItems（AWS CLI）
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-manually-configure-cli)
+ [

## 将 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建或更新 OpsItems（CloudFormation）
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-programmatically-configure-CloudFormation)
+ [

## 将 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建或更新 OpsItems（Java）
](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-programmatically-configure-java)

## 开始前的准备工作
<a name="OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin"></a>

如果您以编程方式编辑现有警报或创建用于创建 OpsItems 的警报，则必须指定 Amazon 资源名称（ARN）。此 ARN 将 Systems Manager OpsCenter 标识为通过告警创建的 OpsItems 目标。您可以自定义 ARN，使通过告警创建的 OpsItems 包含特定信息，如严重性或类别。每个 ARN 包含下表中描述的信息。


****  

| 参数 | Details | 
| --- | --- | 
|  `Region`（必填）  |  告警所在的 AWS 区域。例如：`us-west-2`。有关如何在 AWS 区域 中使用OpsCenter 的更多信息，请参阅 [AWS Systems Manager 端点和配额](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/ssm.html)。  | 
|  `account_ID`（必填）  |  创建告警时使用的同一 AWS 账户 ID。例如：`123456789012`。账户 ID 必须后跟冒号（`:`）和参数 `opsitem`，如以下示例所示。  | 
|  `severity`（必填）  |  由用户定义的通过告警创建的 OpsItems 的严重性级别。有效值：`1`、`2`、`3`、`4`  | 
|  `Category`（可选）  |  通过告警创建的 OpsItems 的类别。有效值：`Availability`、`Cost`、`Performance`、`Recovery` 和 `Security`。  | 

使用以下句法创建 ARN。此 ARN 不包括可选的 `Category` 参数。

```
arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity
```

以下为示例。

```
arn:aws:ssm:us-west-2:123456789012:opsitem:3
```

要创建使用可选的 `Category` 参数的 ARN，请使用以下句法：

```
arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name
```

以下为示例。

```
arn:aws:ssm:us-west-2:123456789012:opsitem:3#CATEGORY=Security
```

## 将 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建 OpsItems（AWS CLI）
<a name="OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-manually-configure-cli"></a>

此命令要求您为 `alarm-actions` 参数指定 ARN。有关如何创建 ARN 的信息，请参阅 [开始前的准备工作](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)。

**将 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建 OpsItems（AWS CLI）**

1. 安装并配置 AWS Command Line Interface（AWS CLI）（如果尚未执行该操作）。

   有关信息，请参阅[安装或更新 AWS CLI 的最新版本](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/getting-started-install.html)。

1. 运行以下命令以收集要配置的告警的信息。

   ```
   aws cloudwatch describe-alarms --alarm-names "alarm name"
   ```

1. 运行以下命令以更新告警。将每个*示例资源占位符*替换为您自己的信息。

   ```
   aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name name \
   --alarm-description "description" \
   --metric-name name --namespace namespace \
   --statistic statistic --period value --threshold value \
   --comparison-operator value \
   --dimensions "dimensions" --evaluation-periods value \
       --alarm-actions arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name \
   --unit unit
   ```

   以下为示例。

------
#### [ Linux & macOS ]

   ```
   aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name cpu-mon \
   --alarm-description "Alarm when CPU exceeds 70 percent" \
   --metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace AWS/EC2 \
   --statistic Average --period 300 --threshold 70 \
   --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold \
   --dimensions "Name=InstanceId,Value=i-12345678" --evaluation-periods 2 \
   --alarm-actions arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:123456789012:opsitem:3#CATEGORY=Security \
   --unit Percent
   ```

------
#### [ Windows ]

   ```
   aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name cpu-mon ^
   --alarm-description "Alarm when CPU exceeds 70 percent" ^
   --metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace AWS/EC2 ^
   --statistic Average --period 300 --threshold 70 ^
   --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold ^
   --dimensions "Name=InstanceId,Value=i-12345678" --evaluation-periods 2 ^
   --alarm-actions arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:123456789012:opsitem:3#CATEGORY=Security ^
   --unit Percent
   ```

------

## 将 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建或更新 OpsItems（CloudFormation）
<a name="OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-programmatically-configure-CloudFormation"></a>

本部分包括多个 AWS CloudFormation 模板，您可以使用这些模板将 CloudWatch 警报配置为自动创建或更新 OpsItems。每个模板均要求您为 `AlarmActions` 参数指定 ARN。有关如何创建 ARN 的信息，请参阅 [开始前的准备工作](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)。

**指标警报** - 使用以下 CloudFormation 模板创建或更新 CloudWatch 指标警报。此模板中指定的警报用于监控 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud（Amazon EC2）实例状态检查。如果告警进入 `ALARM` 状态，则在 OpsCenter 中创建 OpsItem。

```
    {
      "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
      "Parameters" : {
        "RecoveryInstance" : {
          "Description" : "The EC2 instance ID to associate this alarm with.",
          "Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance::Id"
        }
      },
      "Resources": {
        "RecoveryTestAlarm": {
          "Type": "AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm",
          "Properties": {
            "AlarmDescription": "Run a recovery action when instance status check fails for 15 consecutive minutes.",
            "Namespace": "AWS/EC2" ,
            "MetricName": "StatusCheckFailed_System",
            "Statistic": "Minimum",
            "Period": "60",
            "EvaluationPeriods": "15",
            "ComparisonOperator": "GreaterThanThreshold",
            "Threshold": "0",
            "AlarmActions": [ {"Fn::Join" : ["", ["arn:arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name", { "Ref" : "AWS::Partition" }, ":ssm:", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, { "Ref" : "AWS:: AccountId" }, ":opsitem:3" ]]} ],
            "Dimensions": [{"Name": "InstanceId","Value": {"Ref": "RecoveryInstance"}}]
          }
        }
      }
    }
```

**复合警报** - 使用以下 CloudFormation 模板创建或更新复合警报。复合告警由多个指标告警组成。如果告警进入 `ALARM` 状态，则在 OpsCenter 中创建 OpsItem。

```
"Resources":{
       "HighResourceUsage":{
          "Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::CompositeAlarm",
          "Properties":{
             "AlarmName":"HighResourceUsage",
             "AlarmRule":"(ALARM(HighCPUUsage) OR ALARM(HighMemoryUsage)) AND NOT ALARM(DeploymentInProgress)",
             "AlarmActions":"arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name",
             "AlarmDescription":"Indicates that the system resource usage is high while no known deployment is in progress"
          },
          "DependsOn":[
             "DeploymentInProgress",
             "HighCPUUsage",
             "HighMemoryUsage"
          ]
       },
       "DeploymentInProgress":{
          "Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::CompositeAlarm",
          "Properties":{
             "AlarmName":"DeploymentInProgress",
             "AlarmRule":"FALSE",
             "AlarmDescription":"Manually updated to TRUE/FALSE to disable other alarms"
          }
       },
       "HighCPUUsage":{
          "Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm",
          "Properties":{
             "AlarmDescription":"CPUusageishigh",
             "AlarmName":"HighCPUUsage",
             "ComparisonOperator":"GreaterThanThreshold",
             "EvaluationPeriods":1,
             "MetricName":"CPUUsage",
             "Namespace":"CustomNamespace",
             "Period":60,
             "Statistic":"Average",
             "Threshold":70,
             "TreatMissingData":"notBreaching"
          }
       },
       "HighMemoryUsage":{
          "Type":"AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm",
          "Properties":{
             "AlarmDescription":"Memoryusageishigh",
             "AlarmName":"HighMemoryUsage",
             "ComparisonOperator":"GreaterThanThreshold",
             "EvaluationPeriods":1,
             "MetricName":"MemoryUsage",
             "Namespace":"CustomNamespace",
             "Period":60,
             "Statistic":"Average",
             "Threshold":65,
             "TreatMissingData":"breaching"
          }
       }
    }
```

## 将 CloudWatch 警报配置为创建或更新 OpsItems（Java）
<a name="OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-programmatically-configure-java"></a>

本部分包括多个 Java 代码段，您可以使用这些代码段将 CloudWatch 警报配置为自动创建或更新 OpsItems。每个代码段均要求您为 `validSsmActionStr` 参数指定 ARN。有关如何创建 ARN 的信息，请参阅 [开始前的准备工作](#OpsCenter-create-OpsItems-from-CloudWatch-Alarms-before-you-begin)。

**特定警报** - 使用以下 Java 代码段创建或更新 CloudWatch 警报。此模板中指定的告警用于监控 Amazon EC2 实例状态检查。如果告警进入 `ALARM` 状态，则在 OpsCenter 中创建 OpsItem。

```
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatch;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.ComparisonOperator;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.Dimension;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.PutMetricAlarmRequest;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.PutMetricAlarmResult;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.StandardUnit;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.Statistic;
     
    private void putMetricAlarmWithSsmAction() {
        final AmazonCloudWatch cw =
                AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder.defaultClient();
     
        Dimension dimension = new Dimension()
                .withName("InstanceId")
                .withValue(instanceId);
     
        String validSsmActionStr = "arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name";
     
        PutMetricAlarmRequest request = new PutMetricAlarmRequest()
                .withAlarmName(alarmName)
                .withComparisonOperator(
                        ComparisonOperator.GreaterThanThreshold)
                .withEvaluationPeriods(1)
                .withMetricName("CPUUtilization")
                .withNamespace("AWS/EC2")
                .withPeriod(60)
                .withStatistic(Statistic.Average)
                .withThreshold(70.0)
                .withActionsEnabled(false)
                .withAlarmDescription(
                        "Alarm when server CPU utilization exceeds 70%")
                .withUnit(StandardUnit.Seconds)
                .withDimensions(dimension)
                .withAlarmActions(validSsmActionStr);
     
        PutMetricAlarmResult response = cw.putMetricAlarm(request);
    }
```

**更新所有警报** - 使用以下 Java 代码段更新您的 AWS 账户 中的所有 CloudWatch 警报，以便在警报进入 `ALARM` 状态时创建 OpsItems。

```
import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatch;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.DescribeAlarmsRequest;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.DescribeAlarmsResult;
    import com.amazonaws.services.cloudwatch.model.MetricAlarm;
     
    private void listMetricAlarmsAndAddSsmAction() {
        final AmazonCloudWatch cw = AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder.defaultClient();
     
        boolean done = false;
        DescribeAlarmsRequest request = new DescribeAlarmsRequest();
     
        String validSsmActionStr = "arn:aws:ssm:Region:account_ID:opsitem:severity#CATEGORY=category_name";
     
        while(!done) {
     
            DescribeAlarmsResult response = cw.describeAlarms(request);
     
            for(MetricAlarm alarm : response.getMetricAlarms()) {
                // assuming there are no alarm actions added for the metric alarm
                alarm.setAlarmActions(ImmutableList.of(validSsmActionStr));
            }
     
            request.setNextToken(response.getNextToken());
     
            if(response.getNextToken() == null) {
                done = true;
            }
        }
    }
```