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# 原地应用安全更新
有关应用更新的概述，请参阅 [使用 DNF 和存储库版本应用安全更新](managing-repos-os-updates.md#apply-security-updates)。`dnf upgrade` 的 `--security` 选项将把程序包更新限制为仅那些有通告的程序包。这部分的剩余部分将介绍如何仅安装特定的安全更新。
**注意**
建议应用新 AL2023 发布中可用的*所有*更新。仅选择安全更新或仅特定更新应是例外而非规则。
## 应用通告中提到的更新
`dnf upgradeinfo` 输出第一列中的通告标识符可用于应用通告中提到的程序包的更新。可以指示 `dnf` 程序包管理器将通告中的程序包更新至最新可用版本，或仅更新至通告中提到的版本。如果更新已安装，则更新命令不执行任何操作。
要*仅将受影响程序包更新至通告中提到的版本*，请在使用 `dnf upgrade-minimal` 命令时使用 `--advisory` 选项指定通告。以下示例在 AL2023 版本 [2023.0.20230315](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/release-notes/relnotes-2023.0.20230315.html) 容器中运行 `dnf upgrade-minimal`。
```
$ dnf upgrade-minimal -y --releasever=2023.1.20230628 --advisory ALAS2023-2023-193
Amazon Linux 2023 repository 46 MB/s | 15 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:03 ago on Mon Jul 22 20:36:13 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
curl-minimal x86_64 8.0.1-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 150 k
libcurl-minimal x86_64 8.0.1-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 249 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade 2 Packages
Total download size: 399 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64.rpm 2.7 MB/s | 150 kB 00:00
(2/2): libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64. 3.8 MB/s | 249 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.5 MB/s | 399 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 1/4
Upgrading : curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 2/4
Cleanup : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 3/4
Cleanup : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 4/4
Running scriptlet: libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 4/4
Upgraded:
curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64
Complete!
```
即使使用 `--releasever=latest`，更新的程序包版本也是相同的，因为请求是让 `dnf` 执行解决通告所需的*最小更新*。
使用带有 `--advisory` 选项的常规 `dnf upgrade` 命令会将通告中提到的相关程序包更新至可用的*最新*版本，该版本可能比通告中提到的版本更新。
**注意**
除非更新 `system-release` 程序包，否则 `dnf` 锁定的 AL2023 存储库版本*不会改变*。
**警告**
在安装来自不同 AL2023 发布的更新而不更改 `dnf` 锁定的存储库版本时，*必须*在后续的任何变更性 `dnf` 操作中小心谨慎。例如，在安装或更新程序包时，由于新发布中的程序包依赖关系可能已更改，您所停留的旧发布可能无法满足这些新的依赖关系。
以下示例在 AL2023 版本 [2023.0.20230315](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/release-notes/relnotes-2023.0.20230315.html) 容器中运行，该容器引用了撰写本文时最新的 AL2023 发布 [2023.5.20240708](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/release-notes/relnotes-2023.5.20240708.html)。请注意，`curl` 更新到的版本比 `update-minimal` 更新到的版本新，但这个新版本引入了新的依赖项。
```
$ dnf upgrade -y --releasever=latest --advisory ALAS2023-2023-193
Amazon Linux 2023 repository 80 MB/s | 25 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:04 ago on Mon Jul 22 20:48:38 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
curl-minimal x86_64 8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 160 k
libcurl-minimal x86_64 8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 275 k
libnghttp2 x86_64 1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 79 k
Installing dependencies:
libpsl x86_64 0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2 amazonlinux 61 k
publicsuffix-list-dafsa noarch 20240212-61.amzn2023 amazonlinux 59 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Upgrade 3 Packages
Total download size: 634 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn 1.1 MB/s | 59 kB 00:00
(2/5): curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 2.6 MB/s | 160 kB 00:00
(3/5): libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64.rpm 949 kB/s | 61 kB 00:00
(4/5): libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64. 3.7 MB/s | 79 kB 00:00
(5/5): libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86 6.7 MB/s | 275 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3.5 MB/s | 634 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 1/8
Installing : publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn2023.noarch 2/8
Installing : libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 3/8
Upgrading : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 4/8
Upgrading : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 5/8
Cleanup : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 6/8
Cleanup : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 7/8
Cleanup : libnghttp2-1.51.0-1.amzn2023.x86_64 8/8
Running scriptlet: libnghttp2-1.51.0-1.amzn2023.x86_64 8/8
Verifying : libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 1/8
Verifying : publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn2023.noarch 2/8
Verifying : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 3/8
Verifying : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 4/8
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 5/8
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 6/8
Verifying : libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 7/8
Verifying : libnghttp2-1.51.0-1.amzn2023.x86_64 8/8
Upgraded:
curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64
Installed:
libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64
publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn2023.noarch
Complete!
```