使用 SDK for Python (Boto3) 的 Amazon SQS 示例

def create_queue(name, attributes=None):
    """
    Creates an Amazon SQS queue.

    :param name: The name of the queue. This is part of the URL assigned to the queue.
    :param attributes: The attributes of the queue, such as maximum message size or
                       whether it's a FIFO queue.
    :return: A Queue object that contains metadata about the queue and that can be used
             to perform queue operations like sending and receiving messages.
    """
    if not attributes:
        attributes = {}

    try:
        queue = sqs.create_queue(QueueName=name, Attributes=attributes)
        logger.info("Created queue '%s' with URL=%s", name, queue.url)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't create queue named '%s'.", name)
        raise error
    else:
        return queue

class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def create_queue(self, queue_name: str, is_fifo: bool = False) -> str:
        """
        Create an SQS queue.

        :param queue_name: The name of the queue to create.
        :param is_fifo: Whether to create a FIFO queue.
        :return: The URL of the created queue.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue creation fails.
        """
        try:
            # Add .fifo suffix for FIFO queues
            if is_fifo and not queue_name.endswith('.fifo'):
                queue_name += '.fifo'

            attributes = {}
            if is_fifo:
                attributes['FifoQueue'] = 'true'

            response = self.sqs_client.create_queue(
                QueueName=queue_name,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            queue_url = response['QueueUrl']
            logger.info(f"Created queue: {queue_name} with URL: {queue_url}")
            return queue_url

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error creating queue {queue_name}: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

def delete_message(message):
    """
    Delete a message from a queue. Clients must delete messages after they
    are received and processed to remove them from the queue.

    :param message: The message to delete. The message's queue URL is contained in
                    the message's metadata.
    :return: None
    """
    try:
        message.delete()
        logger.info("Deleted message: %s", message.message_id)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete message: %s", message.message_id)
        raise error

def delete_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Delete a batch of messages from a queue in a single request.

    :param queue: The queue from which to delete the messages.
    :param messages: The list of messages to delete.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             message deletions.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {"Id": str(ind), "ReceiptHandle": msg.receipt_handle}
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.delete_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info("Deleted %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle)
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Could not delete %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle
                )
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete messages from queue %s", queue)
    else:
        return response

class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def delete_messages(self, queue_url: str, messages: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
        """
        Delete messages from an SQS queue in batches.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :param messages: List of messages to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If deleting messages fails.
        """
        try:
            if not messages:
                return True

            # Build delete entries for batch delete
            delete_entries = []
            for i, message in enumerate(messages):
                delete_entries.append({
                    'Id': str(i),
                    'ReceiptHandle': message['ReceiptHandle']
                })

            # Delete messages in batches of 10 (SQS limit)
            batch_size = 10
            for i in range(0, len(delete_entries), batch_size):
                batch = delete_entries[i:i + batch_size]
                
                response = self.sqs_client.delete_message_batch(
                    QueueUrl=queue_url,
                    Entries=batch
                )

                # Check for failures
                if 'Failed' in response and response['Failed']:
                    for failed in response['Failed']:
                        logger.warning(f"Failed to delete message: {failed}")

            logger.info(f"Deleted {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error deleting messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

def remove_queue(queue):
    """
    Removes an SQS queue. When run against an AWS account, it can take up to
    60 seconds before the queue is actually deleted.

    :param queue: The queue to delete.
    :return: None
    """
    try:
        queue.delete()
        logger.info("Deleted queue with URL=%s.", queue.url)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete queue with URL=%s!", queue.url)
        raise error

class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def delete_queue(self, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Delete an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue deletion fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sqs_client.delete_queue(QueueUrl=queue_url)
            
            logger.info(f"Deleted queue: {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'AWS.SimpleQueueService.NonExistentQueue':
                logger.warning(f"Queue not found: {queue_url}")
                return True  # Already deleted
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error deleting queue: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise

class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def get_queue_arn(self, queue_url: str) -> str:
        """
        Get the ARN of an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :return: The ARN of the queue.
        :raises ClientError: If getting queue attributes fails.
        """
        try:
            response = self.sqs_client.get_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                AttributeNames=['QueueArn']
            )

            queue_arn = response['Attributes']['QueueArn']
            logger.info(f"Queue ARN for {queue_url}: {queue_arn}")
            return queue_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error getting queue ARN: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

def get_queue(name):
    """
    Gets an SQS queue by name.

    :param name: The name that was used to create the queue.
    :return: A Queue object.
    """
    try:
        queue = sqs.get_queue_by_name(QueueName=name)
        logger.info("Got queue '%s' with URL=%s", name, queue.url)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't get queue named %s.", name)
        raise error
    else:
        return queue

def get_queues(prefix=None):
    """
    Gets a list of SQS queues. When a prefix is specified, only queues with names
    that start with the prefix are returned.

    :param prefix: The prefix used to restrict the list of returned queues.
    :return: A list of Queue objects.
    """
    if prefix:
        queue_iter = sqs.queues.filter(QueueNamePrefix=prefix)
    else:
        queue_iter = sqs.queues.all()
    queues = list(queue_iter)
    if queues:
        logger.info("Got queues: %s", ", ".join([q.url for q in queues]))
    else:
        logger.warning("No queues found.")
    return queues

def receive_messages(queue, max_number, wait_time):
    """
    Receive a batch of messages in a single request from an SQS queue.

    :param queue: The queue from which to receive messages.
    :param max_number: The maximum number of messages to receive. The actual number
                       of messages received might be less.
    :param wait_time: The maximum time to wait (in seconds) before returning. When
                      this number is greater than zero, long polling is used. This
                      can result in reduced costs and fewer false empty responses.
    :return: The list of Message objects received. These each contain the body
             of the message and metadata and custom attributes.
    """
    try:
        messages = queue.receive_messages(
            MessageAttributeNames=["All"],
            MaxNumberOfMessages=max_number,
            WaitTimeSeconds=wait_time,
        )
        for msg in messages:
            logger.info("Received message: %s: %s", msg.message_id, msg.body)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't receive messages from queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return messages

class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def receive_messages(self, queue_url: str, max_messages: int = 10) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Receive messages from an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to receive messages from.
        :param max_messages: Maximum number of messages to receive (1-10).
        :return: List of received messages.
        :raises ClientError: If receiving messages fails.
        """
        try:
            # Ensure max_messages is within valid range
            max_messages = max(1, min(10, max_messages))

            response = self.sqs_client.receive_message(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                MaxNumberOfMessages=max_messages,
                WaitTimeSeconds=2,  # Short polling
                MessageAttributeNames=['All']
            )

            messages = response.get('Messages', [])
            logger.info(f"Received {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return messages

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error receiving messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

def send_message(queue, message_body, message_attributes=None):
    """
    Send a message to an Amazon SQS queue.

    :param queue: The queue that receives the message.
    :param message_body: The body text of the message.
    :param message_attributes: Custom attributes of the message. These are key-value
                               pairs that can be whatever you want.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the assigned message ID.
    """
    if not message_attributes:
        message_attributes = {}

    try:
        response = queue.send_message(
            MessageBody=message_body, MessageAttributes=message_attributes
        )
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Send message failed: %s", message_body)
        raise error
    else:
        return response

def send_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Send a batch of messages in a single request to an SQS queue.
    This request may return overall success even when some messages were not sent.
    The caller must inspect the Successful and Failed lists in the response and
    resend any failed messages.

    :param queue: The queue to receive the messages.
    :param messages: The messages to send to the queue. These are simplified to
                     contain only the message body and attributes.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             messages.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {
                "Id": str(ind),
                "MessageBody": msg["body"],
                "MessageAttributes": msg["attributes"],
            }
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.send_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info(
                    "Message sent: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Failed to send: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Send messages failed to queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return response

为主题设置队列的策略属性。

class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def set_queue_policy_for_topic(self, queue_arn: str, topic_arn: str, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Set the queue policy to allow SNS to send messages to the queue.

        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the SQS queue.
        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param queue_url: The URL of the SQS queue.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If setting the queue policy fails.
        """
        try:
            # Create policy that allows SNS to send messages to the queue
            policy = {
                "Version":"2012-10-17",
                "Statement": [
                    {
                        "Effect": "Allow",
                        "Principal": {
                            "Service": "sns.amazonaws.com"
                        },
                        "Action": "sqs:SendMessage",
                        "Resource": queue_arn,
                        "Condition": {
                            "ArnEquals": {
                                "aws:SourceArn": topic_arn
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }

            self.sqs_client.set_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                Attributes={
                    'Policy': json.dumps(policy)
                }
            )

            logger.info(f"Set queue policy for {queue_url} to allow messages from {topic_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error setting queue policy: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

演示如何使用 with 创建信使应用程序，该应用程序从亚马逊 DynamoDB 表中检索消息记录并 适用于 Python (Boto3) 的 AWS SDK 通过 AWS Step Functions 亚马逊简单队列服务 (Amazon SQS) Simple SQUEE Service 将其发送。状态机集成了扫描数据库中是否有未发送消息的 AWS Lambda 功能。

有关如何设置和运行的完整源代码和说明，请参阅上的完整示例GitHub。

演示如何 适用于 Python (Boto3) 的 AWS SDK 与 Amazon Textract 配合使用来检测文档图像中的文本、表单和表格元素。输入图像和 Amazon Textract 输出在 Tkinter 应用程序中显示，该应用程序可让您探索检测到的元素。

有关如何设置和运行的完整源代码和说明，请参阅上的完整示例GitHub。

创建 Amazon SNS FIFO 主题，将 Amazon SQS FIFO 队列和标准队列订阅到主题，并发布一条消息到主题。

def usage_demo():
    """Shows how to subscribe queues to a FIFO topic."""
    print("-" * 88)
    print("Welcome to the `Subscribe queues to a FIFO topic` demo!")
    print("-" * 88)

    sns = boto3.resource("sns")
    sqs = boto3.resource("sqs")
    fifo_topic_wrapper = FifoTopicWrapper(sns)
    sns_wrapper = SnsWrapper(sns)

    prefix = "sqs-subscribe-demo-"
    queues = set()
    subscriptions = set()

    wholesale_queue = sqs.create_queue(
        QueueName=prefix + "wholesale.fifo",
        Attributes={
            "MaximumMessageSize": str(4096),
            "ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds": str(10),
            "VisibilityTimeout": str(300),
            "FifoQueue": str(True),
            "ContentBasedDeduplication": str(True),
        },
    )
    queues.add(wholesale_queue)
    print(f"Created FIFO queue with URL: {wholesale_queue.url}.")

    retail_queue = sqs.create_queue(
        QueueName=prefix + "retail.fifo",
        Attributes={
            "MaximumMessageSize": str(4096),
            "ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds": str(10),
            "VisibilityTimeout": str(300),
            "FifoQueue": str(True),
            "ContentBasedDeduplication": str(True),
        },
    )
    queues.add(retail_queue)
    print(f"Created FIFO queue with URL: {retail_queue.url}.")

    analytics_queue = sqs.create_queue(QueueName=prefix + "analytics", Attributes={})
    queues.add(analytics_queue)
    print(f"Created standard queue with URL: {analytics_queue.url}.")

    topic = fifo_topic_wrapper.create_fifo_topic("price-updates-topic.fifo")
    print(f"Created FIFO topic: {topic.attributes['TopicArn']}.")

    for q in queues:
        fifo_topic_wrapper.add_access_policy(q, topic.attributes["TopicArn"])

    print(f"Added access policies for topic: {topic.attributes['TopicArn']}.")

    for q in queues:
        sub = fifo_topic_wrapper.subscribe_queue_to_topic(
            topic, q.attributes["QueueArn"]
        )
        subscriptions.add(sub)

    print(f"Subscribed queues to topic: {topic.attributes['TopicArn']}.")

    input("Press Enter to publish a message to the topic.")

    message_id = fifo_topic_wrapper.publish_price_update(
        topic, '{"product": 214, "price": 79.99}', "Consumables"
    )

    print(f"Published price update with message ID: {message_id}.")

    # Clean up the subscriptions, queues, and topic.
    input("Press Enter to clean up resources.")
    for s in subscriptions:
        sns_wrapper.delete_subscription(s)

    sns_wrapper.delete_topic(topic)

    for q in queues:
        fifo_topic_wrapper.delete_queue(q)

    print(f"Deleted subscriptions, queues, and topic.")

    print("Thanks for watching!")
    print("-" * 88)



class FifoTopicWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon SNS FIFO topic and subscription functions."""

    def __init__(self, sns_resource):
        """
        :param sns_resource: A Boto3 Amazon SNS resource.
        """
        self.sns_resource = sns_resource

    def create_fifo_topic(self, topic_name):
        """
        Create a FIFO topic.
        Topic names must be made up of only uppercase and lowercase ASCII letters,
        numbers, underscores, and hyphens, and must be between 1 and 256 characters long.
        For a FIFO topic, the name must end with the .fifo suffix.

        :param topic_name: The name for the topic.
        :return: The new topic.
        """
        try:
            topic = self.sns_resource.create_topic(
                Name=topic_name,
                Attributes={
                    "FifoTopic": str(True),
                    "ContentBasedDeduplication": str(False),
                    "FifoThroughputScope": "MessageGroup",
                },
            )
            logger.info("Created FIFO topic with name=%s.", topic_name)
            return topic
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't create topic with name=%s!", topic_name)
            raise error


    @staticmethod
    def add_access_policy(queue, topic_arn):
        """
        Add the necessary access policy to a queue, so
        it can receive messages from a topic.

        :param queue: The queue resource.
        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the topic.
        :return: None.
        """
        try:
            queue.set_attributes(
                Attributes={
                    "Policy": json.dumps(
                        {
                            "Version":"2012-10-17",
                            "Statement": [
                                {
                                    "Sid": "test-sid",
                                    "Effect": "Allow",
                                    "Principal": {"AWS": "*"},
                                    "Action": "SQS:SendMessage",
                                    "Resource": queue.attributes["QueueArn"],
                                    "Condition": {
                                        "ArnLike": {"aws:SourceArn": topic_arn}
                                    },
                                }
                            ],
                        }
                    )
                }
            )
            logger.info("Added trust policy to the queue.")
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't add trust policy to the queue!")
            raise error


    @staticmethod
    def subscribe_queue_to_topic(topic, queue_arn):
        """
        Subscribe a queue to a topic.

        :param topic: The topic resource.
        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the queue.
        :return: The subscription resource.
        """
        try:
            subscription = topic.subscribe(
                Protocol="sqs",
                Endpoint=queue_arn,
            )
            logger.info("The queue is subscribed to the topic.")
            return subscription
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't subscribe queue to topic!")
            raise error


    @staticmethod
    def publish_price_update(topic, payload, group_id):
        """
        Compose and publish a message that updates the wholesale price.

        :param topic: The topic to publish to.
        :param payload: The message to publish.
        :param group_id: The group ID for the message.
        :return: The ID of the message.
        """
        try:
            att_dict = {"business": {"DataType": "String", "StringValue": "wholesale"}}
            dedup_id = uuid.uuid4()
            response = topic.publish(
                Subject="Price Update",
                Message=payload,
                MessageAttributes=att_dict,
                MessageGroupId=group_id,
                MessageDeduplicationId=str(dedup_id),
            )
            message_id = response["MessageId"]
            logger.info("Published message to topic %s.", topic.arn)
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't publish message to topic %s.", topic.arn)
            raise error
        return message_id


    @staticmethod
    def delete_queue(queue):
        """
        Removes an SQS queue. When run against an AWS account, it can take up to
        60 seconds before the queue is actually deleted.

        :param queue: The queue to delete.
        :return: None
        """
        try:
            queue.delete()
            logger.info("Deleted queue with URL=%s.", queue.url)
        except ClientError as error:
            logger.exception("Couldn't delete queue with URL=%s!", queue.url)
            raise error

通过启动异步检测任务，使用 Amazon Rekognition 来检测视频中的人脸、对象和人物。此示例还将 Amazon Rekognition 配置为在任务完成时通知 Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) 主题，并订阅该主题的 Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) 队列。当队列收到有关任务的消息时，将检索该任务并输出结果。

最好在上查看此示例 GitHub。有关如何设置和运行的完整源代码和说明，请参阅上的完整示例GitHub。

在命令提示符中运行交互式场景。

class TopicsAndQueuesScenario:
    """Manages the Topics and Queues feature scenario."""

    DASHES = "-" * 80

    def __init__(self, sns_wrapper: SnsWrapper, sqs_wrapper: SqsWrapper) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the Topics and Queues scenario.

        :param sns_wrapper: SnsWrapper instance for SNS operations.
        :param sqs_wrapper: SqsWrapper instance for SQS operations.
        """
        self.sns_wrapper = sns_wrapper
        self.sqs_wrapper = sqs_wrapper
        
        # Scenario state
        self.use_fifo_topic = False
        self.use_content_based_deduplication = False
        self.topic_name = None
        self.topic_arn = None
        self.queue_count = 2
        self.queue_urls = []
        self.subscription_arns = []
        self.tones = ["cheerful", "funny", "serious", "sincere"]

    def run_scenario(self) -> None:
        """Run the Topics and Queues feature scenario."""
        print(self.DASHES)
        print("Welcome to messaging with topics and queues.")
        print(self.DASHES)
        print(f"""
    In this scenario, you will create an SNS topic and subscribe {self.queue_count} SQS queues to the topic.
    You can select from several options for configuring the topic and the subscriptions for the queues.
    You can then post to the topic and see the results in the queues.
        """)

        try:
            # Setup Phase
            print(self.DASHES)
            self._setup_topic()
            print(self.DASHES)

            self._setup_queues()
            print(self.DASHES)

            # Demonstration Phase
            self._publish_messages()
            print(self.DASHES)

            # Examination Phase
            self._poll_queues_for_messages()
            print(self.DASHES)

            # Cleanup Phase
            self._cleanup_resources()
            print(self.DASHES)

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Scenario failed: {e}")
            print(f"There was a problem with the scenario: {e}")
            print("\nInitiating cleanup...")
            try:
                self._cleanup_resources()
            except Exception as cleanup_error:
                logger.error(f"Error during cleanup: {cleanup_error}")

        print("Messaging with topics and queues scenario is complete.")
        print(self.DASHES)

    def _setup_topic(self) -> None:
        """Set up the SNS topic to be used with the queues."""
        print("SNS topics can be configured as FIFO (First-In-First-Out).")
        print("FIFO topics deliver messages in order and support deduplication and message filtering.")
        print()

        self.use_fifo_topic = q.ask("Would you like to work with FIFO topics? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)

        if self.use_fifo_topic:
            print(self.DASHES)
            self.topic_name = q.ask("Enter a name for your SNS topic: ", q.non_empty)
            print("Because you have selected a FIFO topic, '.fifo' must be appended to the topic name.")
            print()

            print(self.DASHES)
            print("""
    Because you have chosen a FIFO topic, deduplication is supported.
    Deduplication IDs are either set in the message or automatically generated 
    from content using a hash function.
    
    If a message is successfully published to an SNS FIFO topic, any message 
    published and determined to have the same deduplication ID, 
    within the five-minute deduplication interval, is accepted but not delivered.
    
    For more information about deduplication, 
    see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sns/latest/dg/fifo-message-dedup.html.
            """)

            self.use_content_based_deduplication = q.ask(
                "Use content-based deduplication instead of entering a deduplication ID? (y/n): ", 
                q.is_yesno
            )
        else:
            self.topic_name = q.ask("Enter a name for your SNS topic: ", q.non_empty)

        print(self.DASHES)

        # Create the topic
        self.topic_arn = self.sns_wrapper.create_topic(
            self.topic_name, 
            self.use_fifo_topic, 
            self.use_content_based_deduplication
        )

        print(f"Your new topic with the name {self.topic_name}")
        print(f"  and Amazon Resource Name (ARN) {self.topic_arn}")
        print(f"  has been created.")
        print()

    def _setup_queues(self) -> None:
        """Set up the SQS queues and subscribe them to the topic."""
        print(f"Now you will create {self.queue_count} Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues to subscribe to the topic.")

        for i in range(self.queue_count):
            queue_name = q.ask(f"Enter a name for SQS queue #{i+1}: ", q.non_empty)
            
            if self.use_fifo_topic and i == 0:
                print("Because you have selected a FIFO topic, '.fifo' must be appended to the queue name.")

            # Create the queue
            queue_url = self.sqs_wrapper.create_queue(queue_name, self.use_fifo_topic)
            self.queue_urls.append(queue_url)

            print(f"Your new queue with the name {queue_name}")
            print(f"  and queue URL {queue_url}")
            print(f"  has been created.")
            print()

            if i == 0:
                print("The queue URL is used to retrieve the queue ARN,")
                print("which is used to create a subscription.")
                print(self.DASHES)

            # Get queue ARN
            queue_arn = self.sqs_wrapper.get_queue_arn(queue_url)

            if i == 0:
                print("An AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy must be attached to an SQS queue,")
                print("enabling it to receive messages from an SNS topic.")

            # Set queue policy to allow SNS to send messages
            self.sqs_wrapper.set_queue_policy_for_topic(queue_arn, self.topic_arn, queue_url)

            # Set up message filtering if using FIFO
            subscription_arn = self._setup_subscription_with_filter(i, queue_arn, queue_name)
            self.subscription_arns.append(subscription_arn)

    def _setup_subscription_with_filter(self, queue_index: int, queue_arn: str, queue_name: str) -> str:
        """Set up subscription with optional message filtering."""
        filter_policy = None
        
        if self.use_fifo_topic:
            print(self.DASHES)
            if queue_index == 0:
                print("Subscriptions to a FIFO topic can have filters.")
                print("If you add a filter to this subscription, then only the filtered messages")
                print("will be received in the queue.")
                print()
                print("For information about message filtering,")
                print("see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sns/latest/dg/sns-message-filtering.html")
                print()
                print("For this example, you can filter messages by a TONE attribute.")

            use_filter = q.ask(f"Filter messages for {queue_name}'s subscription to the topic? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
            
            if use_filter:
                filter_policy = self._create_filter_policy()

        subscription_arn = self.sns_wrapper.subscribe_queue_to_topic(
            self.topic_arn, queue_arn, filter_policy
        )

        print(f"The queue {queue_name} has been subscribed to the topic {self.topic_name}")
        print(f"  with the subscription ARN {subscription_arn}")

        return subscription_arn

    def _create_filter_policy(self) -> str:
        """Create a message filter policy based on user selections."""
        print(self.DASHES)
        print("You can filter messages by one or more of the following TONE attributes.")

        filter_selections = []
        selection_number = 0

        while True:
            print("Enter a number to add a TONE filter, or enter 0 to stop adding filters.")
            for i, tone in enumerate(self.tones, 1):
                print(f"  {i}. {tone}")

            selection = q.ask("Your choice: ", q.is_int, q.in_range(0, len(self.tones)))
            
            if selection == 0:
                break
            elif selection > 0 and self.tones[selection - 1] not in filter_selections:
                filter_selections.append(self.tones[selection - 1])
                print(f"Added '{self.tones[selection - 1]}' to filter list.")

        if filter_selections:
            filters = {"tone": filter_selections}
            return json.dumps(filters)
        return None

    def _publish_messages(self) -> None:
        """Publish messages to the topic with various options."""
        print("Now we can publish messages.")

        keep_sending = True
        while keep_sending:
            print()
            message = q.ask("Enter a message to publish: ", q.non_empty)

            message_group_id = None
            deduplication_id = None
            tone_attribute = None

            if self.use_fifo_topic:
                print("Because you are using a FIFO topic, you must set a message group ID.")
                print("All messages within the same group will be received in the order they were published.")
                print()
                message_group_id = q.ask("Enter a message group ID for this message: ", q.non_empty)

                if not self.use_content_based_deduplication:
                    print("Because you are not using content-based deduplication,")
                    print("you must enter a deduplication ID.")
                    deduplication_id = q.ask("Enter a deduplication ID for this message: ", q.non_empty)

                # Ask about tone attribute
                add_attribute = q.ask("Add an attribute to this message? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
                if add_attribute:
                    print("Enter a number for an attribute:")
                    for i, tone in enumerate(self.tones, 1):
                        print(f"  {i}. {tone}")
                    
                    selection = q.ask("Your choice: ", q.is_int, q.in_range(1, len(self.tones)))
                    if 1 <= selection <= len(self.tones):
                        tone_attribute = self.tones[selection - 1]

            # Publish the message
            message_id = self.sns_wrapper.publish_message(
                self.topic_arn,
                message,
                tone_attribute,
                deduplication_id,
                message_group_id
            )

            print(f"Message published with ID: {message_id}")

            keep_sending = q.ask("Send another message? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)

    def _poll_queues_for_messages(self) -> None:
        """Poll all queues for messages and display results."""
        for i, queue_url in enumerate(self.queue_urls):
            print(f"Polling queue #{i+1} at {queue_url} for messages...")
            
            q.ask("Press Enter to continue...")

            messages = self._poll_queue_for_messages(queue_url)
            
            if messages:
                print(f"{len(messages)} message(s) were received by queue #{i+1}")
                for j, message in enumerate(messages, 1):
                    print(f"  Message {j}:")
                    # Parse the SNS message body to get the actual message
                    try:
                        sns_message = json.loads(message['Body'])
                        actual_message = sns_message.get('Message', message['Body'])
                        print(f"    {actual_message}")
                    except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
                        print(f"    {message['Body']}")

                # Delete the messages
                self.sqs_wrapper.delete_messages(queue_url, messages)
                print(f"Messages deleted from queue #{i+1}")
            else:
                print(f"No messages received by queue #{i+1}")
            
            print(self.DASHES)

    def _poll_queue_for_messages(self, queue_url: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """Poll a single queue for messages."""
        all_messages = []
        max_polls = 3  # Limit polling to avoid infinite loops
        
        for poll_count in range(max_polls):
            messages = self.sqs_wrapper.receive_messages(queue_url, 10)
            
            if messages:
                all_messages.extend(messages)
                print(f"  Received {len(messages)} messages in poll {poll_count + 1}")
                # Small delay between polls
                time.sleep(1)
            else:
                print(f"  No messages in poll {poll_count + 1}")
                break
                
        return all_messages

    def _cleanup_resources(self) -> None:
        """Clean up all resources created during the scenario."""
        print("Cleaning up resources...")

        # Delete queues
        for i, queue_url in enumerate(self.queue_urls):
            if queue_url:
                delete_queue = q.ask(f"Delete queue #{i+1} with URL {queue_url}? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
                if delete_queue:
                    try:
                        self.sqs_wrapper.delete_queue(queue_url)
                        print(f"Deleted queue #{i+1}")
                    except Exception as e:
                        print(f"Error deleting queue #{i+1}: {e}")

        # Unsubscribe from topic
        for i, subscription_arn in enumerate(self.subscription_arns):
            if subscription_arn:
                try:
                    self.sns_wrapper.unsubscribe(subscription_arn)
                    print(f"Unsubscribed subscription #{i+1}")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Error unsubscribing #{i+1}: {e}")

        # Delete topic
        if self.topic_arn:
            delete_topic = q.ask(f"Delete topic {self.topic_name}? (y/n): ", q.is_yesno)
            if delete_topic:
                try:
                    self.sns_wrapper.delete_topic(self.topic_arn)
                    print(f"Deleted topic {self.topic_name}")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Error deleting topic: {e}")

        print("Resource cleanup complete.")

创建包含 Amazon SNS 和 Amazon SQS 操作的类，以便在场景中使用。

class SnsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SNS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sns_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SnsWrapper.

        :param sns_client: A Boto3 Amazon SNS client.
        """
        self.sns_client = sns_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SnsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SnsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sns_client = boto3.client('sns')
        return cls(sns_client)


    def create_topic(
        self, 
        topic_name: str, 
        is_fifo: bool = False, 
        content_based_deduplication: bool = False
    ) -> str:
        """
        Create an SNS topic.

        :param topic_name: The name of the topic to create.
        :param is_fifo: Whether to create a FIFO topic.
        :param content_based_deduplication: Whether to use content-based deduplication for FIFO topics.
        :return: The ARN of the created topic.
        :raises ClientError: If the topic creation fails.
        """
        try:
            # Add .fifo suffix for FIFO topics
            if is_fifo and not topic_name.endswith('.fifo'):
                topic_name += '.fifo'

            attributes = {}
            if is_fifo:
                attributes['FifoTopic'] = 'true'
                if content_based_deduplication:
                    attributes['ContentBasedDeduplication'] = 'true'

            response = self.sns_client.create_topic(
                Name=topic_name,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            topic_arn = response['TopicArn']
            logger.info(f"Created topic: {topic_name} with ARN: {topic_arn}")
            return topic_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error creating topic {topic_name}: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def subscribe_queue_to_topic(
        self, 
        topic_arn: str, 
        queue_arn: str, 
        filter_policy: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> str:
        """
        Subscribe an SQS queue to an SNS topic.

        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the SQS queue.
        :param filter_policy: Optional JSON filter policy for message filtering.
        :return: The ARN of the subscription.
        :raises ClientError: If the subscription fails.
        """
        try:
            attributes = {}
            if filter_policy:
                attributes['FilterPolicy'] = filter_policy

            response = self.sns_client.subscribe(
                TopicArn=topic_arn,
                Protocol='sqs',
                Endpoint=queue_arn,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            subscription_arn = response['SubscriptionArn']
            logger.info(f"Subscribed queue {queue_arn} to topic {topic_arn}")
            return subscription_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error subscribing queue to topic: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def publish_message(
        self,
        topic_arn: str,
        message: str,
        tone_attribute: Optional[str] = None,
        deduplication_id: Optional[str] = None,
        message_group_id: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> str:
        """
        Publish a message to an SNS topic.

        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param message: The message content to publish.
        :param tone_attribute: Optional tone attribute for message filtering.
        :param deduplication_id: Optional deduplication ID for FIFO topics.
        :param message_group_id: Optional message group ID for FIFO topics.
        :return: The message ID of the published message.
        :raises ClientError: If the message publication fails.
        """
        try:
            publish_args = {
                'TopicArn': topic_arn,
                'Message': message
            }

            # Add message attributes if tone is specified
            if tone_attribute:
                publish_args['MessageAttributes'] = {
                    'tone': {
                        'DataType': 'String',
                        'StringValue': tone_attribute
                    }
                }

            # Add FIFO-specific parameters
            if message_group_id:
                publish_args['MessageGroupId'] = message_group_id

            if deduplication_id:
                publish_args['MessageDeduplicationId'] = deduplication_id

            response = self.sns_client.publish(**publish_args)

            message_id = response['MessageId']
            logger.info(f"Published message to topic {topic_arn} with ID: {message_id}")
            return message_id

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error publishing message to topic: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def unsubscribe(self, subscription_arn: str) -> bool:
        """
        Unsubscribe from an SNS topic.

        :param subscription_arn: The ARN of the subscription to remove.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the unsubscribe operation fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sns_client.unsubscribe(SubscriptionArn=subscription_arn)
            
            logger.info(f"Unsubscribed: {subscription_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'NotFound':
                logger.warning(f"Subscription not found: {subscription_arn}")
                return True  # Already unsubscribed
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error unsubscribing: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise


    def delete_topic(self, topic_arn: str) -> bool:
        """
        Delete an SNS topic.

        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the topic to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the topic deletion fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sns_client.delete_topic(TopicArn=topic_arn)
            
            logger.info(f"Deleted topic: {topic_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'NotFound':
                logger.warning(f"Topic not found: {topic_arn}")
                return True  # Already deleted
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error deleting topic: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise


    def list_topics(self) -> list:
        """
        List all SNS topics in the account using pagination.

        :return: List of topic ARNs.
        :raises ClientError: If listing topics fails.
        """
        try:
            topics = []
            paginator = self.sns_client.get_paginator('list_topics')
            
            for page in paginator.paginate():
                topics.extend([topic['TopicArn'] for topic in page.get('Topics', [])])
            
            logger.info(f"Found {len(topics)} topics")
            return topics

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            if error_code == 'AuthorizationError':
                logger.error("Authorization error listing topics - check IAM permissions")
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error listing topics: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


class SqsWrapper:
    """Wrapper class for managing Amazon SQS operations."""

    def __init__(self, sqs_client: Any) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the SqsWrapper.

        :param sqs_client: A Boto3 Amazon SQS client.
        """
        self.sqs_client = sqs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> 'SqsWrapper':
        """
        Create an SqsWrapper instance using a default boto3 client.

        :return: An instance of this class.
        """
        sqs_client = boto3.client('sqs')
        return cls(sqs_client)


    def create_queue(self, queue_name: str, is_fifo: bool = False) -> str:
        """
        Create an SQS queue.

        :param queue_name: The name of the queue to create.
        :param is_fifo: Whether to create a FIFO queue.
        :return: The URL of the created queue.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue creation fails.
        """
        try:
            # Add .fifo suffix for FIFO queues
            if is_fifo and not queue_name.endswith('.fifo'):
                queue_name += '.fifo'

            attributes = {}
            if is_fifo:
                attributes['FifoQueue'] = 'true'

            response = self.sqs_client.create_queue(
                QueueName=queue_name,
                Attributes=attributes
            )

            queue_url = response['QueueUrl']
            logger.info(f"Created queue: {queue_name} with URL: {queue_url}")
            return queue_url

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error creating queue {queue_name}: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def get_queue_arn(self, queue_url: str) -> str:
        """
        Get the ARN of an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :return: The ARN of the queue.
        :raises ClientError: If getting queue attributes fails.
        """
        try:
            response = self.sqs_client.get_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                AttributeNames=['QueueArn']
            )

            queue_arn = response['Attributes']['QueueArn']
            logger.info(f"Queue ARN for {queue_url}: {queue_arn}")
            return queue_arn

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error getting queue ARN: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def set_queue_policy_for_topic(self, queue_arn: str, topic_arn: str, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Set the queue policy to allow SNS to send messages to the queue.

        :param queue_arn: The ARN of the SQS queue.
        :param topic_arn: The ARN of the SNS topic.
        :param queue_url: The URL of the SQS queue.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If setting the queue policy fails.
        """
        try:
            # Create policy that allows SNS to send messages to the queue
            policy = {
                "Version":"2012-10-17",
                "Statement": [
                    {
                        "Effect": "Allow",
                        "Principal": {
                            "Service": "sns.amazonaws.com"
                        },
                        "Action": "sqs:SendMessage",
                        "Resource": queue_arn,
                        "Condition": {
                            "ArnEquals": {
                                "aws:SourceArn": topic_arn
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }

            self.sqs_client.set_queue_attributes(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                Attributes={
                    'Policy': json.dumps(policy)
                }
            )

            logger.info(f"Set queue policy for {queue_url} to allow messages from {topic_arn}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error setting queue policy: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def receive_messages(self, queue_url: str, max_messages: int = 10) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Receive messages from an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to receive messages from.
        :param max_messages: Maximum number of messages to receive (1-10).
        :return: List of received messages.
        :raises ClientError: If receiving messages fails.
        """
        try:
            # Ensure max_messages is within valid range
            max_messages = max(1, min(10, max_messages))

            response = self.sqs_client.receive_message(
                QueueUrl=queue_url,
                MaxNumberOfMessages=max_messages,
                WaitTimeSeconds=2,  # Short polling
                MessageAttributeNames=['All']
            )

            messages = response.get('Messages', [])
            logger.info(f"Received {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return messages

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error receiving messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def delete_messages(self, queue_url: str, messages: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
        """
        Delete messages from an SQS queue in batches.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :param messages: List of messages to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If deleting messages fails.
        """
        try:
            if not messages:
                return True

            # Build delete entries for batch delete
            delete_entries = []
            for i, message in enumerate(messages):
                delete_entries.append({
                    'Id': str(i),
                    'ReceiptHandle': message['ReceiptHandle']
                })

            # Delete messages in batches of 10 (SQS limit)
            batch_size = 10
            for i in range(0, len(delete_entries), batch_size):
                batch = delete_entries[i:i + batch_size]
                
                response = self.sqs_client.delete_message_batch(
                    QueueUrl=queue_url,
                    Entries=batch
                )

                # Check for failures
                if 'Failed' in response and response['Failed']:
                    for failed in response['Failed']:
                        logger.warning(f"Failed to delete message: {failed}")

            logger.info(f"Deleted {len(messages)} messages from {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error deleting messages: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise


    def delete_queue(self, queue_url: str) -> bool:
        """
        Delete an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue to delete.
        :return: True if successful.
        :raises ClientError: If the queue deletion fails.
        """
        try:
            self.sqs_client.delete_queue(QueueUrl=queue_url)
            
            logger.info(f"Deleted queue: {queue_url}")
            return True

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            
            if error_code == 'AWS.SimpleQueueService.NonExistentQueue':
                logger.warning(f"Queue not found: {queue_url}")
                return True  # Already deleted
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error deleting queue: {error_code} - {e}")
                raise


    def list_queues(self, queue_name_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
        """
        List all SQS queues in the account using pagination.

        :param queue_name_prefix: Optional prefix to filter queue names.
        :return: List of queue URLs.
        :raises ClientError: If listing queues fails.
        """
        try:
            queue_urls = []
            paginator = self.sqs_client.get_paginator('list_queues')
            
            page_params = {}
            if queue_name_prefix:
                page_params['QueueNamePrefix'] = queue_name_prefix

            for page in paginator.paginate(**page_params):
                queue_urls.extend(page.get('QueueUrls', []))
            
            logger.info(f"Found {len(queue_urls)} queues")
            return queue_urls

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            if error_code == 'AccessDenied':
                logger.error("Access denied listing queues - check IAM permissions")
            else:
                logger.error(f"Error listing queues: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

    def send_message(self, queue_url: str, message_body: str, **kwargs) -> str:
        """
        Send a message to an SQS queue.

        :param queue_url: The URL of the queue.
        :param message_body: The message content.
        :param kwargs: Additional message parameters (DelaySeconds, MessageAttributes, etc.).
        :return: The message ID.
        :raises ClientError: If sending the message fails.
        """
        try:
            send_params = {
                'QueueUrl': queue_url,
                'MessageBody': message_body,
                **kwargs
            }

            response = self.sqs_client.send_message(**send_params)
            
            message_id = response['MessageId']
            logger.info(f"Sent message to {queue_url} with ID: {message_id}")
            return message_id

        except ClientError as e:
            error_code = e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code', 'Unknown')
            logger.error(f"Error sending message: {error_code} - {e}")
            raise

创建函数来包装 Amazon SQS 消息函数。

import logging
import sys

import boto3
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

import queue_wrapper

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
sqs = boto3.resource("sqs")

def send_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Send a batch of messages in a single request to an SQS queue.
    This request may return overall success even when some messages were not sent.
    The caller must inspect the Successful and Failed lists in the response and
    resend any failed messages.

    :param queue: The queue to receive the messages.
    :param messages: The messages to send to the queue. These are simplified to
                     contain only the message body and attributes.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             messages.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {
                "Id": str(ind),
                "MessageBody": msg["body"],
                "MessageAttributes": msg["attributes"],
            }
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.send_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info(
                    "Message sent: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Failed to send: %s: %s",
                    msg_meta["MessageId"],
                    messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])]["body"],
                )
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Send messages failed to queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return response



def receive_messages(queue, max_number, wait_time):
    """
    Receive a batch of messages in a single request from an SQS queue.

    :param queue: The queue from which to receive messages.
    :param max_number: The maximum number of messages to receive. The actual number
                       of messages received might be less.
    :param wait_time: The maximum time to wait (in seconds) before returning. When
                      this number is greater than zero, long polling is used. This
                      can result in reduced costs and fewer false empty responses.
    :return: The list of Message objects received. These each contain the body
             of the message and metadata and custom attributes.
    """
    try:
        messages = queue.receive_messages(
            MessageAttributeNames=["All"],
            MaxNumberOfMessages=max_number,
            WaitTimeSeconds=wait_time,
        )
        for msg in messages:
            logger.info("Received message: %s: %s", msg.message_id, msg.body)
    except ClientError as error:
        logger.exception("Couldn't receive messages from queue: %s", queue)
        raise error
    else:
        return messages



def delete_messages(queue, messages):
    """
    Delete a batch of messages from a queue in a single request.

    :param queue: The queue from which to delete the messages.
    :param messages: The list of messages to delete.
    :return: The response from SQS that contains the list of successful and failed
             message deletions.
    """
    try:
        entries = [
            {"Id": str(ind), "ReceiptHandle": msg.receipt_handle}
            for ind, msg in enumerate(messages)
        ]
        response = queue.delete_messages(Entries=entries)
        if "Successful" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Successful"]:
                logger.info("Deleted %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle)
        if "Failed" in response:
            for msg_meta in response["Failed"]:
                logger.warning(
                    "Could not delete %s", messages[int(msg_meta["Id"])].receipt_handle
                )
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete messages from queue %s", queue)
    else:
        return response

使用包装器函数批量发送和接收消息。

def usage_demo():
    """
    Shows how to:
    * Read the lines from this Python file and send the lines in
      batches of 10 as messages to a queue.
    * Receive the messages in batches until the queue is empty.
    * Reassemble the lines of the file and verify they match the original file.
    """

    def pack_message(msg_path, msg_body, msg_line):
        return {
            "body": msg_body,
            "attributes": {
                "path": {"StringValue": msg_path, "DataType": "String"},
                "line": {"StringValue": str(msg_line), "DataType": "String"},
            },
        }

    def unpack_message(msg):
        return (
            msg.message_attributes["path"]["StringValue"],
            msg.body,
            int(msg.message_attributes["line"]["StringValue"]),
        )

    print("-" * 88)
    print("Welcome to the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) demo!")
    print("-" * 88)

    queue = queue_wrapper.create_queue("sqs-usage-demo-message-wrapper")

    with open(__file__) as file:
        lines = file.readlines()

    line = 0
    batch_size = 10
    received_lines = [None] * len(lines)
    print(f"Sending file lines in batches of {batch_size} as messages.")
    while line < len(lines):
        messages = [
            pack_message(__file__, lines[index], index)
            for index in range(line, min(line + batch_size, len(lines)))
        ]
        line = line + batch_size
        send_messages(queue, messages)
        print(".", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
    print(f"Done. Sent {len(lines) - 1} messages.")

    print(f"Receiving, handling, and deleting messages in batches of {batch_size}.")
    more_messages = True
    while more_messages:
        received_messages = receive_messages(queue, batch_size, 2)
        print(".", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        for message in received_messages:
            path, body, line = unpack_message(message)
            received_lines[line] = body
        if received_messages:
            delete_messages(queue, received_messages)
        else:
            more_messages = False
    print("Done.")

    if all([lines[index] == received_lines[index] for index in range(len(lines))]):
        print(f"Successfully reassembled all file lines!")
    else:
        print(f"Uh oh, some lines were missed!")

    queue.delete()

    print("Thanks for watching!")
    print("-" * 88)

使用 Python 将 SQS 事件与 Lambda 结合使用。

# Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    for message in event['Records']:
        process_message(message)
    print("done")

def process_message(message):
    try:
        print(f"Processed message {message['body']}")
        # TODO: Do interesting work based on the new message
    except Exception as err:
        print("An error occurred")
        raise err

报告使用 Python 进行 Lambda SQS 批处理项目失败。

# Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

def lambda_handler(event, context):
    if event:
        batch_item_failures = []
        sqs_batch_response = {}
     
        for record in event["Records"]:
            try:
                print(f"Processed message: {record['body']}")
            except Exception as e:
                batch_item_failures.append({"itemIdentifier": record['messageId']})
        
        sqs_batch_response["batchItemFailures"] = batch_item_failures
        return sqs_batch_response