# Customizing iSCSI Settings
<a name="recommendediSCSISettings"></a>

After you set up your initiator, we highly recommend that you customize your iSCSI settings to prevent the initiator from disconnecting from targets.

By increasing the iSCSI timeout values as shown in the following steps, you make your application better at dealing with write operations that take a long time and other transient issues such as network interruptions.

**Note**  
Before making changes to the registry, you should make a backup copy of the registry. For information on making a backup copy and other best practices to follow when working with the registry, see [Registry best practices](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc780921(WS.10).aspx) in the *Microsoft TechNet Library*.

**Topics**
+ [

## Customizing Your Windows iSCSI Settings
](#CustomizeWindowsiSCSISettings)
+ [

## Customizing Your Linux iSCSI Settings
](#CustomizeLinuxiSCSISettings)
+ [

## Customizing Your Linux Disk Timeout Settings for Volume Gateways
](#CustomizeLinuxDiskTimeoutSettings)

## Customizing Your Windows iSCSI Settings
<a name="CustomizeWindowsiSCSISettings"></a>

When using a Windows client, you use the Microsoft iSCSI initiator to connect to your gateway volume. For instructions on how to connect to your volumes, see [Connecting your volumes to your client](GettingStartedAccessVolumes.md).

**To customize your Windows iSCSI settings**

1. Increase the maximum time for which requests are queued.

   1. Start Registry Editor (`Regedit.exe`).

   1. Navigate to the globally unique identifier (GUID) key for the device class that contains iSCSI controller settings, shown following.

       
**Warning**  
Make sure that you are working in the **CurrentControlSet** subkey and not another control set, such as **ControlSet001** or **ControlSet002**.

       

      ```
      HKEY_Local_Machine\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E97B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
      ```

   1. Find the subkey for the Microsoft iSCSI initiator, shown following as *[<Instance Number]*.

      The key is represented by a four-digit number, such as `0000`. 

       

      ```
      HKEY_Local_Machine\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E97B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\[<Instance Number]
      ```

      Depending on what is installed on your computer, the Microsoft iSCSI initiator might not be the subkey `0000`. You can ensure that you have selected the correct subkey by verifying that the string `DriverDesc` has the value `Microsoft iSCSI Initiator`.

   1. To show the iSCSI settings, choose the **Parameters** subkey.

   1. Open the context (right-click) menu for the **MaxRequestHoldTime** DWORD (32-bit) value, choose **Modify**, and then change the value to **600**.

      **MaxRequestHoldTime** specifies how many seconds Microsoft iSCSI initiator should hold and retry outstanding commands for, before notifying the upper layer of a `Device Removal` event. This value represents a hold time of 600 seconds.

1. You can increase the maximum amount of data that can be sent in iSCSI packets by modifying the following parameters:
   + **FirstBurstLength** controls the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted in an unsolicited write request. Set this value to **262144** or the Windows OS default, whichever is higher.
   + **MaxBurstLength** is similar to **FirstBurstLength**, but it sets the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted in solicited write sequences. Set this value to **1048576** or the Windows OS default, whichever is higher.
   + **MaxRecvDataSegmentLength** controls the maximum data segment size that is associated with a single protocol data unit (PDU). Set this value to **262144** or the Windows OS default, whichever is higher.
**Note**  
Different backup software can be optimized to work best using different iSCSI settings. To verify which values for these parameters will provide the best performance, see the documentation for your backup software.

1. Increase the disk timeout value, as shown following:

   1. Start Registry Editor (`Regedit.exe`), if you haven't already.

   1. Navigate to the **Disk** subkey in the **Services** subkey of the **CurrentControlSet**, shown following.

      ```
      HKEY_Local_Machine\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Disk
      ```

   1. Open the context (right-click) menu for the **TimeOutValue** DWORD (32-bit) value, choose **Modify**, and then change the value to **600**.

      **TimeOutValue** specifies how many seconds iSCSI initiator will wait for a response from the target before it attempts session recovery by dropping and re-establishing the connection. This value represents a timeout period of 600 seconds.

1. To ensure that the new configuration values take effect, restart your system.

   Before restarting, you must make sure that the results of all write operations to volumes are flushed. To do this, take any mapped storage volume disks offline before restarting.

## Customizing Your Linux iSCSI Settings
<a name="CustomizeLinuxiSCSISettings"></a>

After setting up the initiator for your gateway, we highly recommend that you customize your iSCSI settings to prevent the initiator from disconnecting from targets. By increasing the iSCSI timeout values as shown following, you make your application better at dealing with write operations that take a long time and other transient issues such as network interruptions.

**Note**  
Commands might be slightly different for other types of Linux. The following examples are based on Red Hat Linux.

**To customize your Linux iSCSI settings**

1. Increase the maximum time for which requests are queued.

   1. Open the `/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf` file and find the following lines.

      ```
      node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout = [replacement_timeout_value] 
      node.conn[0].timeo.noop_out_interval = [noop_out_interval_value] 
      node.conn[0].timeo.noop_out_timeout = [noop_out_timeout_value]
      ```

   1. Set the *[replacement\$1timeout\$1value]* value to **600**. 

      Set the *[noop\$1out\$1interval\$1value]* value to **60**.

      Set the *[noop\$1out\$1timeout\$1value]* value to **600**. 

      All three values are in seconds.

       
**Note**  
The `iscsid.conf` settings must be made before discovering the gateway. If you have already discovered your gateway or logged in to the target, or both, you can delete the entry from the discovery database using the following command. Then you can rediscover or log in again to pick up the new configuration.  
   

      ```
      iscsiadm -m discoverydb -t sendtargets -p [GATEWAY_IP]:3260 -o delete
      ```

1. Increase the maximum values for the amount of data that can be transmitted in each response.

   1. Open the `/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf` file and find the following lines.

      ```
      node.session.iscsi.FirstBurstLength = [replacement_first_burst_length_value] 
      node.session.iscsi.MaxBurstLength = [replacement_max_burst_length_value]
      node.conn[0].iscsi.MaxRecvDataSegmentLength = [replacement_segment_length_value]
      ```

   1. We recommend the following values to achieve better performance. Your backup software might be optimized to use different values, so see your backup software documentation for best results.

      Set the *[replacement\$1first\$1burst\$1length\$1value]* value to **262144** or the Linux OS default, whichever is higher.

      Set the *[replacement\$1max\$1burst\$1length\$1value]* value to **1048576** or the Linux OS default, whichever is higher.

      Set the *[replacement\$1segment\$1length\$1value]* value to **262144** or the Linux OS default, whichever is higher.
**Note**  
Different backup software can be optimized to work best using different iSCSI settings. To verify which values for these parameters will provide the best performance, see the documentation for your backup software.

1. Restart your system to ensure that the new configuration values take effect.

   Before restarting, make sure that the results of all write operations to your tapes are flushed. To do this, unmount tapes before restarting.

## Customizing Your Linux Disk Timeout Settings for Volume Gateways
<a name="CustomizeLinuxDiskTimeoutSettings"></a>

If you are using a Volume Gateway, you can customize the following Linux disk timeout settings in addition to the iSCSI settings described in the preceding section.

**To customize your Linux disk timeout settings**

1. Increase the disk timeout value in the rules file.

   1. If you are using the RHEL 5 initiator, open the `/etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev.rules` file, and find the following line.

      ```
      ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="scsi" , SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", \ 
      RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo [timeout] > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
      ```

      This rules file does not exist in RHEL 6 or 7 initiators, so you must create it using the following rule.

      ```
      ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi" , ATTRS{model}=="Storage Gateway", 
      RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo [timeout] > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
      ```

      To modify the timeout value in RHEL 6, use the following command, and then add the lines of code shown preceding. 

      ```
      sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev.rules
      ```

      To modify the timeout value in RHEL 7, use the following command, and then add the lines of code shown preceding. 

      ```
      sudo su -c "echo 600 > /sys/block/[device name]/device/timeout"
      ```

   1. Set the *[timeout]* value to **600**.

      This value represents a timeout of 600 seconds.

1. Restart your system to ensure that the new configuration values take effect.

   Before restarting, make sure that the results of all write operations to your volumes are flushed. To do this, unmount storage volumes before restarting.

1. You can test the configuration by using the following command. 

   ```
   udevadm test [PATH_TO_ISCSI_DEVICE]
   ```

   This command shows the udev rules that are applied to the iSCSI device.