# Identity and Access Management for zonal shift in ARC
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is an AWS service that helps an administrator securely control access to AWS resources. IAM administrators control who can be *authenticated* (signed in) and *authorized* (have permissions) to use ARC resources. IAM is an AWS service that you can use with no additional charge.
**Topics**
+ [How zonal shift works with IAM](security_iam_service-with-iam-zs.md)
+ [Permissions for zonal shift](security_iam_service-with-iam-zonal-shift.md)
+ [Identity-based policy examples](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-zonal.md)
# How zonal shift works with IAM
Before you use IAM to manage access to zonal shift in Amazon Application Recovery Controller (ARC), learn what IAM features are available to use with zonal shift.
**IAM features you can use with zonal shift**
| IAM feature | Zonal shift support |
| --- | --- |
| [Identity-based policies](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies) | Yes |
| [Resource-based policies](#security_iam_service-with-iam-resource-based-policies) | No |
| [Policy actions](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-actions) | Yes |
| [Policy resources](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-resources) | Yes |
| [Policy condition keys](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-conditionkeys) | Yes |
| [ACLs](#security_iam_service-with-iam-acls) | No |
| [ABAC (tags in policies)](#security_iam_service-with-iam-tags) | Partial |
| [Temporary credentials](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-tempcreds) | Yes |
| [Principal permissions](#security_iam_service-with-iam-principal-permissions) | Yes |
| [Service roles](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service) | No |
| [Service-linked roles](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service-linked) | Yes |
To get a high-level, overall view of how AWS services work with most IAM features, see [AWS services that work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
## Identity-based policies for ARC
**Supports identity-based policies:** Yes
Identity-based policies are JSON permissions policy documents that you can attach to an identity, such as an IAM user, group of users, or role. These policies control what actions users and roles can perform, on which resources, and under what conditions. To learn how to create an identity-based policy, see [Define custom IAM permissions with customer managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
With IAM identity-based policies, you can specify allowed or denied actions and resources as well as the conditions under which actions are allowed or denied. To learn about all of the elements that you can use in a JSON policy, see [IAM JSON policy elements reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
To view examples of ARC identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policy examples in Amazon Application Recovery Controller (ARC)](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md).
## Resource-based policies within ARC
**Supports resource-based policies:** No
Resource-based policies are JSON policy documents that you attach to a resource. Examples of resource-based policies are IAM role trust policies and Amazon S3 bucket policies. In services that support resource-based policies, service administrators can use them to control access to a specific resource.
## Policy actions for zonal shift
**Supports policy actions:** Yes
Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**.
The `Action` element of a JSON policy describes the actions that you can use to allow or deny access in a policy. Include actions in a policy to grant permissions to perform the associated operation.
To see a list of ARC actions for zonal shift, see [ Actions defined by Amazon Route 53 Zonal Shift](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53recoverycontrols.html#amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift-actions-as-permissions) in the *Service Authorization Reference*.
Policy actions in ARC for zonal shift use the following prefixes before the action:
```
arc-zonal-shift
```
To specify multiple actions in a single statement, separate them with commas. For example, the following:
```
"Action": [
"arc-zonal-shift:action1",
"arc-zonal-shift:action2"
]
```
You can specify multiple actions using wildcards (\$1). For example, to specify all actions that begin with the word `Describe`, include the following action:
```
"Action": "arc-zonal-shift:Describe*"
```
To view examples of ARC identity-based policies for zonal shift, see [Identity-based policy examples for zonal shift in ARC](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-zonal.md).
## Policy resources for zonal shift
**Supports policy resources:** Yes
Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**.
The `Resource` JSON policy element specifies the object or objects to which the action applies. As a best practice, specify a resource using its [Amazon Resource Name (ARN)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference-arns.html). For actions that don't support resource-level permissions, use a wildcard (\$1) to indicate that the statement applies to all resources.
```
"Resource": "*"
```
To see a list of resource types and their ARNs, and the actions that you can specify with the ARN of each resource, see the following topic in the *Service Authorization Reference*:
+ [ Actions defined by Amazon Route 53 - Zonal Shift](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53recoverycontrols.html#amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift-actions-as-permissions)
To see the actions and resources that you can use with a condition key, see the following topic in the *Service Authorization Reference*:
+ [ Condition keys defined by Amazon Route 53 - Zonal Shift](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53recoverycontrols.html#amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift-policy-keys)
To view examples of ARC identity-based policies for zonal shift, see [Identity-based policy examples for zonal shift in ARC](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-zonal.md).
## Policy condition keys for zonal shift
**Supports service-specific policy condition keys:** Yes
Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**.
The `Condition` element specifies when statements execute based on defined criteria. You can create conditional expressions that use [condition operators](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition_operators.html), such as equals or less than, to match the condition in the policy with values in the request. To see all AWS global condition keys, see [AWS global condition context keys](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_condition-keys.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
To see a list of zonal shift condition keys, see the following topic in the *Service Authorization Reference*:
+ [ Condition keys defined by Amazon Route 53 - Zonal Shift](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53recoverycontrols.html#amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift-policy-keys)
To see the actions and resources that you can use with a condition key, see the following topics in the *Service Authorization Reference*:
+ [ Actions defined by Amazon Route 53 - Zonal Shift](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53recoverycontrols.html#amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift-actions-as-permissions)
+ [ Resource types defined by Amazon Route 53 - Zonal Shift](https://docs.aws.amazon.com//service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift.html#amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift-resources-for-iam-policies)
To view examples of ARC identity-based policies for zonal shift, see [Identity-based policy examples for zonal shift in ARC](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-zonal.md).
## Access control lists (ACLs) in ARC
**Supports ACLs:** No
Access control lists (ACLs) control which principals (account members, users, or roles) have permissions to access a resource. ACLs are similar to resource-based policies, although they do not use the JSON policy document format.
## Attribute-based access control (ABAC) with ARC
**Supports ABAC (tags in policies):** Partial
Attribute-based access control (ABAC) is an authorization strategy that defines permissions based on attributes called tags. You can attach tags to IAM entities and AWS resources, then design ABAC policies to allow operations when the principal's tag matches the tag on the resource.
To control access based on tags, you provide tag information in the [condition element](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition.html) of a policy using the `aws:ResourceTag/key-name`, `aws:RequestTag/key-name`, or `aws:TagKeys` condition keys.
If a service supports all three condition keys for every resource type, then the value is **Yes** for the service. If a service supports all three condition keys for only some resource types, then the value is **Partial**.
For more information about ABAC, see [Define permissions with ABAC authorization](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/introduction_attribute-based-access-control.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. To view a tutorial with steps for setting up ABAC, see [Use attribute-based access control (ABAC)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/tutorial_attribute-based-access-control.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
ARC includes the following partial support for ABAC:
+ Zonal shift supports ABAC for managed resources that are registered in ARC for zonal shift. For more information about ABAC for Network Load Balancer and Application Load Balancer managed resources, see [ ABAC with Elastic Load Balancing](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/userguide/security_iam_service-with-iam.html#security_iam_service-with-iam-tags) in the Elastic Load Balancing User Guide.
## Using temporary credentials with ARC
**Supports temporary credentials:** Yes
Temporary credentials provide short-term access to AWS resources and are automatically created when you use federation or switch roles. AWS recommends that you dynamically generate temporary credentials instead of using long-term access keys. For more information, see [Temporary security credentials in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp.html) and [AWS services that work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
## Cross-service principal permissions for ARC
**Supports forward access sessions (FAS):** Yes
When you use an IAM entity (user or role) to perform actions in AWS, you are considered a principal. Policies grant permissions to a principal. When you use some services, you might perform an action that then triggers another action in a different service. In this case, you must have permissions to perform both actions.
To see whether an action requires additional dependent actions in a policy, see the following topic in the *Service Authorization Reference*:
+ [ Amazon Route 53 Zonal Shift](https://docs.aws.amazon.com//service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53applicationrecoverycontroller-zonalshift.html)
## Service roles for ARC
**Supports service roles:** No
A service role is an [IAM role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html) that a service assumes to perform actions on your behalf. An IAM administrator can create, modify, and delete a service role from within IAM. For more information, see [Create a role to delegate permissions to an AWS service](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_create_for-service.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
## Service-linked roles for ARC
**Supports service-linked roles:** Yes
A service-linked role is a type of service role that is linked to an AWS service. The service can assume the role to perform an action on your behalf. Service-linked roles appear in your AWS account and are owned by the service. An IAM administrator can view, but not edit the permissions for service-linked roles.
Zonal shift does not use service-linked roles.
# IAM and permissions for zonal shift
This section provides additional information about how permissions work for the zonal shift feature in Amazon Application Recovery Controller (ARC), especially if you work with the feature from another AWS service, such as Elastic Load Balancing. To learn about how ARC features works with IAM and permissions in general, review the information in the overview topic, [Identity and Access Management for zonal shift in ARC](security-iam-zonalshift.md).
Zonal shift supports Application Load Balancers, Network Load Balancers, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups, and Amazon EKS. You can use IAM condition keys to scope an IAM permission policy to these resources. The following is an example policy using a condition key with multiple resources of different types:
```
{
"Condition": {
"StringLike": {
"arc-zonal-shift:ResourceIdentifier": [
"arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:123456789012:loadbalancer/net/*",
"arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:123456789012:loadbalancer/app/*",
"arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:123456789012:cluster/*"
]
}
},
"Action": [
"arc-zonal-shift:StartZonalShift"
],
"Resource": "*",
"Effect": "Allow"
}
```
For more information, see [Supported resources](arc-zonal-shift.resource-types.md).
In addition to the permissions outlined in the IAM overview topic, the following applies to zonal shift for IAM and permissions:
+ Make sure that you have the required permissions for working with zonal shift in ARC. For more information, see [zonal shift console access](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-zonal.md#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-console-zonal) and [zonal shift operations access](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-zonal.md#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-api-zonal).
+ You do not need to add additional Elastic Load Balancing permissions with IAM to work with zonal shifts for managed load balancer resources in your account in ARC.
+ An AWS managed policy that provides full access for Elastic Load Balancing includes permissions for working with zonal shifts. If you use AWS managed policies for Elastic Load Balancing access, you do not need additional permissions in IAM for zonal shift to start zonal shifts for load balancers or work with in the Elastic Load Balancing console. For more information, see [AWS managed policies for Elastic Load Balancing](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/userguide/managed-policies.html).
# Identity-based policy examples for zonal shift in ARC
By default, users and roles don't have permission to create or modify ARC resources. To grant users permission to perform actions on the resources that they need, an IAM administrator can create IAM policies.
To learn how to create an IAM identity-based policy by using these example JSON policy documents, see [Create IAM policies (console)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create-console.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
For details about actions and resource types defined by ARC, including the format of the ARNs for each of the resource types, see [Actions, resources, and condition keys for Amazon Application Recovery Controller (ARC)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonroute53recoverycontrols.html) in the *Service Authorization Reference*.
**Topics**
+ [Policy best practices](#security_iam_service-with-iam-policy-best-practices-zonal)
+ [Example: Zonal shift console access](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-console-zonal)
+ [Example: Zonal shift API actions](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-api-zonal)
## Policy best practices
Identity-based policies determine whether someone can create, access, or delete ARC resources in your account. These actions can incur costs for your AWS account. When you create or edit identity-based policies, follow these guidelines and recommendations:
+ **Get started with AWS managed policies and move toward least-privilege permissions** – To get started granting permissions to your users and workloads, use the *AWS managed policies* that grant permissions for many common use cases. They are available in your AWS account. We recommend that you reduce permissions further by defining AWS customer managed policies that are specific to your use cases. For more information, see [AWS managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_managed-vs-inline.html#aws-managed-policies) or [AWS managed policies for job functions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_job-functions.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
+ **Apply least-privilege permissions** – When you set permissions with IAM policies, grant only the permissions required to perform a task. You do this by defining the actions that can be taken on specific resources under specific conditions, also known as *least-privilege permissions*. For more information about using IAM to apply permissions, see [ Policies and permissions in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
+ **Use conditions in IAM policies to further restrict access** – You can add a condition to your policies to limit access to actions and resources. For example, you can write a policy condition to specify that all requests must be sent using SSL. You can also use conditions to grant access to service actions if they are used through a specific AWS service, such as CloudFormation. For more information, see [ IAM JSON policy elements: Condition](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
+ **Use IAM Access Analyzer to validate your IAM policies to ensure secure and functional permissions** – IAM Access Analyzer validates new and existing policies so that the policies adhere to the IAM policy language (JSON) and IAM best practices. IAM Access Analyzer provides more than 100 policy checks and actionable recommendations to help you author secure and functional policies. For more information, see [Validate policies with IAM Access Analyzer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access-analyzer-policy-validation.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
+ **Require multi-factor authentication (MFA)** – If you have a scenario that requires IAM users or a root user in your AWS account, turn on MFA for additional security. To require MFA when API operations are called, add MFA conditions to your policies. For more information, see [ Secure API access with MFA](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_mfa_configure-api-require.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
For more information about best practices in IAM, see [Security best practices in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.
## Example: Zonal shift console access
To access the Amazon Application Recovery Controller (ARC) console, you must have a minimum set of permissions. These permissions must allow you to list and view details about the ARC resources in your AWS account. If you create an identity-based policy that is more restrictive than the minimum required permissions, the console won't function as intended for entities (users or roles) with that policy.
You don't need to allow minimum console permissions for users that are making calls only to the AWS CLI or the AWS API. Instead, allow access to only the actions that match the API operation that they're trying to perform.
To give users full access to use zonal shift in the AWS Management Console, attach a policy like the following to the user:
------
#### [ JSON ]
****
```
{
"Version":"2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"arc-zonal-shift:ListManagedResources",
"arc-zonal-shift:GetManagedResource",
"arc-zonal-shift:ListZonalShifts",
"arc-zonal-shift:StartZonalShift",
"arc-zonal-shift:UpdateZonalShift",
"arc-zonal-shift:CancelZonalShift"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones",
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}
```
------
## Example: Zonal shift API actions
The zonal shift API temporarily moves traffic away from an Availability Zone to recover an application.
To ensure that a user can use zonal shift API actions, attach a policy that corresponds to the API operations that the user needs to work with, such as the following:
------
#### [ JSON ]
****
```
{
"Version":"2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"arc-zonal-shift:ListManagedResources",
"arc-zonal-shift:GetManagedResource",
"arc-zonal-shift:ListZonalShifts",
"arc-zonal-shift:StartZonalShift",
"arc-zonal-shift:UpdateZonalShift",
"arc-zonal-shift:CancelZonalShift"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}
```
------