# Migrate an on-premises MariaDB database to Amazon RDS for MariaDB using native tools
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*Shyam Sunder Rakhecha, Amazon Web Services*

## Summary
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This pattern provides guidance for migrating an on-premises MariaDB database to Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) for MariaDB by using native tools. If you have MySQL tools installed, you can use **mysql **and **mysqldump**. If you have MariaDB tools installed, you can use **mariadb** and **mariadb-dump**. MySQL and MariaDB tools have the same origin, but there are minor differences in MariaDB version 10.6 and later.

## Prerequisites and limitations
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**Prerequisites**
+ An active AWS account
+ A MariaDB source database in an on-premises data center

**Limitations**
+ Database size limit: 64 TB

**Product versions**
+ MariaDB versions 10.0-10.6 (for the latest list of supported versions, see [MariaDB on Amazon RDS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_MariaDB.html#MariaDB.Concepts.VersionMgmt) in the AWS documentation)

## Architecture
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**Source technology stack**
+ MariaDB database in an on-premises data center

**Target technology stack**
+ Amazon RDS for MariaDB DB instance

**Target architecture**

![\[Architecture diagram with primary and standby RDS DB instances in different Availability Zones.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/patterns/images/pattern-img/7be644e0-da42-4515-87b7-04da7a054adb/images/eca8eb55-579a-42e2-96ce-9b14b097b4c9.png)


**Data migration architecture**

![\[Architecture diagram of migrating an on-premises MariaDB database to Amazon RDS\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/patterns/images/pattern-img/7be644e0-da42-4515-87b7-04da7a054adb/images/daba40e2-a2b1-44f8-8e69-31458206a823.png)


## Tools
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+ Native MySQL tools: **mysql** and **mysqldump**
+ Native MariaDB tools: **mariadb** and **mariadb-dump**

## Epics
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### Plan the migration
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| Task | Description | Skills required | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| Validate source and target database versions and engines. |  | DBA | 
| Identify hardware requirements for the target server instance. |  | DBA, Systems administrator | 
| Identify storage requirements (storage type and capacity). |  | DBA, Systems administrator | 
| Choose the proper instance type based on capacity, storage features, and network features. |  | DBA, Systems administrator | 
| Identify the network access security requirements for source and target databases. |  | DBA, Systems administrator | 
| Identify the application migration strategy. |  | DBA, App owner, Systems administrator | 

### Configure the infrastructure
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| Task | Description | Skills required | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| Create a virtual private cloud (VPC). |  | Systems administrator | 
| Create security groups. |  | Systems administrator | 
| Configure and start an Amazon RDS DB instance running MariaDB. |  | Systems administrator | 

### Migrate data
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| Task | Description | Skills required | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| Use native tools to migrate database objects and data. | In the source database, use **mysqldump **or** mariadb-dump** to create an output file that contains database objects and data. In the target database, use **mysql **or **mariadb **to restore the data. | DBA | 
| Validate the data. | Check the source and target databases to confirm that the data migration was successful. | DBA | 

### Migrate the application
<a name="migrate-the-application"></a>


| Task | Description | Skills required | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| Follow the application migration strategy. |  | DBA, App owner, Systems administrator | 

### Cut over
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| Task | Description | Skills required | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| Switch the application clients over to the new infrastructure. |  | DBA, App owner, Systems administrator | 

### Close the project
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| Task | Description | Skills required | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| Shut down the temporary AWS resources. |  | Systems administrator | 
| Review and validate the project documents. |  | DBA, App owner, Systems administrator | 
| Gather metrics around time to migrate, cost savings provided by tools, and so on. |  | DBA, App owner, Systems administrator | 
| Close out the project and provide feedback. |  | DBA, App owner, Systems administrator | 

## Related resources
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**Amazon RDS references**
+ [Amazon RDS for MariaDB](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/mariadb/)
+ [Amazon Virtual Private Cloud VPCs and Amazon RDS](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_VPC.html)
+ [Amazon RDS Multi-AZ Deployments](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/details/multi-az/)
+ [Amazon RDS Pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/pricing/)

**MySQL and MariaDB references**
+ [mariadb-dump/mysqldump](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-dumpmysqldump/) 
+ [mysql Command-line Client](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mysql-command-line-client/) 

**Tutorials and videos**
+ [Getting Started with Amazon RDS](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/getting-started/)