# Turkish (tr-TR)


The following table lists the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) phonemes, the Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) symbols, and the corresponding visemes for the Turkish voice supported by Amazon Polly.


**Phoneme/Viseme Table**  

| IPA | X-SAMPA | Description | Example | Viseme | 
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 
|  **Consonants**  | 
| ɾ | 4 | alveolar flap | du**r**um | t | 
| ɾ̝̊ | 4\$10\$1r | voiceless fricated alveolar flap | bi**r** | t | 
| ɾ̝ | 4\$1r | fricated alveolar flap | **r**af | t | 
| b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | **r**af | p | 
| c | c | voiceless palatal plosive | **k**edi | k | 
| d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | **d**e**d**e | t | 
| d͡ʒ | dZ | voiced postalveolar affricate | **c**am | S | 
| f | f | voiceless labiodental fricative | **f**are | f | 
| g | g | voiced velar plosiv | **g**alibi | k | 
| h | h | voiceless glottal fricative | **h**asta | k | 
| j | j | palatal approximant | **y**at | i | 
| ɟ | J\$1 | voiced palatal plosive | **g**enç | J | 
| k | k | voiceless velar plosive | a**k**ıl | k | 
| l | l | alveolar lateral approximant | **l**a**l**e | t | 
| ɫ | 5 | velarized alveolar lateral approximant | **l**abirent | t | 
| m | m | bilabial nasal | **m**aaş | p | 
| n | n | alveolar nasal | a**n**ı | t | 
| p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | i**p** | p | 
| s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | **s**es | s | 
| ʃ | S | voiceless postalveolar fricative | a**ş**ı | S | 
| t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | ü**t**ü | t | 
| t͡ʃ | tS | voiceless postalveolar affricate | **ç**aba | S | 
| v | v | voiced labiodental fricative | ek**v**ator, kah**v**eci, ak**v**aryum, is**v**eçli, teş**v**iki, cet**v**el | f | 
| z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | **v**er | s | 
| ʒ | Z | voiced postalveolar fricative | a**z**ık | S | 
|  **Vowels**  | 
| ø | 2 | close-mid front rounded vowel | g**ö**l | 0 | 
| œ | 9 | open-mid front rounded vowel | banliy**ö** | O | 
| a | a | open front unrounded vowel | k**a**l | a | 
| a: | a: | long open front unrounded vowel | d**a**v**a**cı | a | 
| æ | \$1 | near-open front unrounded vowel | özl**e**m, güv**e**nlik, gür**e**l, som**e**rsault | a | 
| e | e | close-mid front unrounded vowel | k**e**çi | e | 
| ɛ | E | open-mid front unrounded vowel | ded**e** | E | 
| i | i | close front unrounded vowel | b**i**r | i | 
| i: | i: | long close front unrounded vowel | **i**zah | i | 
| ɪ | I | near-close near-front unrounded vowel | keç**i** | i | 
| ɯ | M | close back unrounded vowel | k**ı**l | i | 
| o | o | close-mid back rounded vowel | k**o**l | o | 
| o: | o: | long close-mid back rounded vowel | d**o**lar | o | 
| u | u | close back rounded vowel | d**u**r**u**m | u | 
| u: | u: | long close back rounded vowel | r**u**hum | u | 
| ʊ | U | near-close near-back rounded vowel | dol**u** | u | 
| y | y | close front rounded vowel | g**ü**venlik | u | 
| ʏ | Y | near-close near-front rounded vowel | aş**ı** | u | 
|  **Additional Symbols**  | 
| ˈ | " | primary stress | Ala**ba**ma |  | 
| ˌ | % | secondary stress | **A**labama |  | 
| . | . | syllable boundary | A.la.ba.ma |  |