# RDF media types used by SPARQL in Neptune Resource Description Framework (RDF) data can be serialized in many different ways, most of which SPARQL can consume or output: ## RDF serialization formats used by Neptune SPARQL + **RDF/XML**  –   XML serialization of RDF, defined in [RDF 1.1 XML Syntax](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/). Media type: `application/rdf+xml`. Typical file extension: `.rdf`. + **N-Triples**  –   A line-based, plain-text format for encoding an RDF graph, defined in [RDF 1.1 N-Triples](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/). Media type: `application/n-triples`, `text/turtle`, or `text/plain`. Typical file extension: `.nt`. + **N-Quads**  –   A line-based, plain-text format for encoding an RDF graph, defined in [RDF 1.1 N-Quads](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/). It is an extension of N-Triples. Media type: `application/n-quads`, or `text/x-nquads` when encoded with 7-bit US-ASCII. Typical file extension: `.nq`. + **Turtle**  –   A textual syntax for RDF defined in [ RDF 1.1 Turtle](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/) that allows an RDF graph to be completely written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes. Turtle provides levels of compatibility with the N-Triples format as well as SPARQL's triple pattern syntax. Media type: `text/turtle`Typical file extension: `.ttl`. + **TriG**  –   A textual syntax for RDF defined in [ RDF 1.1 TriG](https://www.w3.org/TR/trig/) that allows an RDF graph to be completely written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes. TriG is an extension of the Turtle format. Media type: `application/trig`. Typical file extension: `.trig`. + **N3 (Notation3)**  –   An assertion and logic language defined in [Notation3 (N3): A readable RDF syntax](https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/). N3 extends the RDF data model by adding formulae (literals which are graphs themselves), variables, logical implication, and functional predicates, and provides a textual syntax alternative to RDF/XML. Media type: `text/n3`. Typical file extension: `.n3`. + **JSON-LD**  –   A data serialization and messaging format defined in [JSON-LD 1.0](https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/).Media type: `application/ld+json`. Typical file extension: `.jsonld`. + **TriX**  –   A serialization of RDF in XML, defined in [TriX: RDF Triples in XML](https://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2004/HPL-2004-56.html). Media type: `application/trix`. Typical file extension: `.trix`. + **SPARQL JSON Results**  –   A serialization of RDF using the [SPARQL 1.1 Query Results JSON Format](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-json). Media type: `application/sparql-results+json`. Typical file extension: `.srj`. + **RDF4J Binary Format**  –   A binary format for encoding RDF data, documented in [RDF4J Binary RDF Format](https://rdf4j.org/documentation/reference/rdf4j-binary). Media type: `application/x-binary-rdf`. ## SPARQL result serialization formats used by Neptune SPARQL + **SPARQL XML Results**  –   An XML format for the variable binding and boolean results formats provided by the SPARQL query language, defined in [SPARQL Query Results XML Format (Second Edition)](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-XMLres/). Media type: `application/sparql-results+xml`. Typical file extension: `.srx`. + **SPARQL CSV and TSV Results**  –   The use of comma-separated values and tab-separated values to express SPARQL query results from `SELECT` queries, defined in [SPARQL 1.1 Query Results CSV and TSV Formats](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-csv-tsv/). Media type: `text/csv` for comma-separated values, and `text/tab-separated-values` for tab-separated values. Typical file extensions: `.csv` for comma-separated values, and `.tsv` for tab-separated values. + **Binary Results Table**  –   A binary format for encoding the output of SPARQL queries. Media type: `application/x-binary-rdf-results-table`. + **SPARQL JSON Results**  –   A serialization of RDF using the [SPARQL 1.1 Query Results JSON Format](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-json/). Media type: `application/sparql-results+json`. ## Media-Types that Neptune can use to import RDF data **Media-types supported by the [Neptune bulk-loader](bulk-load.md)** + [N-Triples](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/) + [N-Quads](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/) + [RDF/XML](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/) + [Turtle](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/) **Media-types that SPARQL UPDATE LOAD can import** + [N-Triples](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/) + [N-Quads](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/) + [RDF/XML](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/) + [Turtle](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/) + [TriG](https://www.w3.org/TR/trig/) + [N3](https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/) + [JSON-LD](https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/) ## Media-Types that Neptune can use to export query results To specify the output format for a SPARQL query response, send an `"Accept: media-type"` header with the query request. For example: ``` curl -H "Accept: application/nquads" ... ``` **RDF media-types that SPARQL SELECT can output from Neptune** + [SPARQL JSON Results](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-json) (This is the default) + [SPARQL XML Results](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-XMLres/) + **Binary Results Table** (media type: `application/x-binary-rdf-results-table`) + [Comma-Separated Values (CSV)](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-csv-tsv/) + [Tab-Separated Values (TSV)](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-csv-tsv/) **RDF media-types that SPARQL ASK can output from Neptune** + [SPARQL JSON Results](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-json) (This is the default) + [SPARQL XML Results](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-XMLres/) + **Boolean** (media type: `text/boolean`, meaning "true" or "false") **RDF media-types that SPARQL CONSTRUCT can output from Neptune** + [N-Quads](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/) (This is the default) + [RDF/XML](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/) + [JSON-LD](https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/) + [N-Triples](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/) + [Turtle](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/) + [N3](https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/) + [TriX](https://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2004/HPL-2004-56.html) + [TriG](https://www.w3.org/TR/trig/) + [SPARQL JSON Results](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-json) + [RDF4J Binary RDF Format](https://rdf4j.org/documentation/reference/rdf4j-binary) **RDF media-types that SPARQL DESCRIBE can output from Neptune** + [N-Quads](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/) (This is the default) + [RDF/XML](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/) + [JSON-LD](https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/) + [N-Triples](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/) + [Turtle](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/) + [N3](https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/) + [TriX](https://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2004/HPL-2004-56.html) + [TriG](https://www.w3.org/TR/trig/) + [SPARQL JSON Results](https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-results-json) + [RDF4J Binary RDF Format](https://rdf4j.org/documentation/reference/rdf4j-binary)