기계 번역으로 제공되는 번역입니다. 제공된 번역과 원본 영어의 내용이 상충하는 경우에는 영어 버전이 우선합니다.

# 로컬 메시지 게시/구독
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe"></a>

게시/구독(pubsub) 메시징을 사용하면 주제에 메시지를 보내고 주제에서 메시지를 받을 수 있습니다. 구성 요소가 주제에 메시지를 게시하여 다른 구성 요소에 메시지를 보낼 수 있습니다. 그러면 해당 주제를 구독하는 구성 요소가 수신하는 메시지에 대한 작업을 수행할 수 있습니다.

**참고**  
이 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 AWS IoT Core MQTT를 게시하거나 구독할 수 없습니다. AWS IoT Core MQTT와 메시지를 교환하는 방법에 대한 자세한 내용은 섹션을 참조하세요[AWS IoT Core MQTT 메시지 게시/구독](ipc-iot-core-mqtt.md).

**Topics**
+ [최소 SDK 버전](#ipc-publish-subscribe-sdk-versions)
+ [권한 부여](#ipc-publish-subscribe-authorization)
+ [PublishToTopic](#ipc-operation-publishtotopic)
+ [SubscribeToTopic](#ipc-operation-subscribetotopic)
+ [예제](#ipc-publish-subscribe-examples)

## 최소 SDK 버전
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-sdk-versions"></a>

다음 표에는 로컬 주제에 메시지를 게시하고 구독하는 데 사용할 수 있는 SDKs의 최소 버전이 나열되어 있습니다.


| SDK | 최소 버전 | 
| --- | --- | 
| [AWS IoT Greengrass 구성 요소 SDK(C, C\+\+, Rust)](https://github.com/aws-greengrass/aws-greengrass-component-sdk) | v1.0.0 | 
| [AWS IoT Device SDK Java v2용](https://github.com/aws/aws-iot-device-sdk-java-v2) | v1.2.10 | 
| [AWS IoT Device SDK Python v2용](https://github.com/aws/aws-iot-device-sdk-python-v2) | v1.5.3 | 
| [AWS IoT Device SDK C\+\+ v2용](https://github.com/aws/aws-iot-device-sdk-cpp-v2) | v1.17.0 | 
| [AWS IoT Device SDK for JavaScript](https://github.com/aws/aws-iot-device-sdk-js-v2) v2 | v1.12.0 | 

## 권한 부여
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-authorization"></a>

사용자 지정 구성 요소에서 로컬 게시/구독 메시징을 사용하려면 구성 요소가 주제에 대한 메시지를 보내고 받을 수 있도록 허용하는 권한 부여 정책을 정의해야 합니다. 권한 부여 정책 정의에 대한 자세한 내용은 [구성 요소에 IPC 작업을 수행할 수 있는 권한 부여](interprocess-communication.md#ipc-authorization-policies) 섹션을 참조하세요.

게시/구독 메시징에 대한 권한 부여 정책에는 다음 속성이 있습니다.

**IPC 서비스 식별자:** `aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub`


| 연산 | 설명 | 리소스 | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| `aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic` | 구성 요소가 지정한 주제에 메시지를 게시할 수 있도록 허용합니다. | `test/topic`과 같은 주제 문자열입니다. 주제의 임의의 문자 조합과 일치시키려면 `*`를 사용합니다.<br />이 주제 문자열에서는 MQTT 주제 와일드카드(`#` 및 `+`)를 지원하지 않습니다. | 
| `aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic` | 구성 요소가 지정하는 주제에 대한 메시지를 구독할 수 있도록 허용합니다. | `test/topic`과 같은 주제 문자열입니다. 주제의 임의의 문자 조합과 일치시키려면 `*`를 사용합니다.<br /><a name="ipc-local-publish-subscribe-authorization-mqtt-wildcards"></a>[Greengrass nucleus](greengrass-nucleus-component.md) v2.6.0 이상에서는 MQTT 주제 와일드카드(`#` 및 `+`)가 포함된 주제를 구독할 수 있습니다. 이 주제 문자열은 MQTT 주제 와일드카드를 리터럴 문자로 지원합니다. 예를 들어 구성 요소의 권한 부여 정책에서 `test/topic/#`에 대한 액세스 권한을 부여하는 경우 구성 요소는 `test/topic/#`는 구독할 수 있지만 `test/topic/filter`는 구독할 수 없습니다. | 
| `*` | 구성 요소가 지정하는 주제에 대한 메시지를 게시하고 구독할 수 있도록 허용합니다. | `test/topic`과 같은 주제 문자열입니다. 주제의 임의의 문자 조합과 일치시키려면 `*`를 사용합니다.<br /><a name="ipc-local-publish-subscribe-authorization-mqtt-wildcards"></a>[Greengrass nucleus](greengrass-nucleus-component.md) v2.6.0 이상에서는 MQTT 주제 와일드카드(`#` 및 `+`)가 포함된 주제를 구독할 수 있습니다. 이 주제 문자열은 MQTT 주제 와일드카드를 리터럴 문자로 지원합니다. 예를 들어 구성 요소의 권한 부여 정책에서 `test/topic/#`에 대한 액세스 권한을 부여하는 경우 구성 요소는 `test/topic/#`는 구독할 수 있지만 `test/topic/filter`는 구독할 수 없습니다. | 

### 권한 부여 정책 예제
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-authorization-policy-examples"></a>

다음 권한 부여 정책 예제를 참조하면 구성 요소의 권한 부여 정책을 구성하는 데 도움이 됩니다.

**Example 권한 부여 정책 예제**  
다음 권한 부여 정책 예제에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제를 게시하고 구독할 수 있도록 허용합니다.  

```
{
  "accessControl": {
    "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
      "{{com.example.MyLocalPubSubComponent}}:pubsub:1": {
        "policyDescription": "Allows access to publish/subscribe to all topics.",
        "operations": [
          "aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic",
          "aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic"
        ],
        "resources": [
          "*"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
```

## PublishToTopic
<a name="ipc-operation-publishtotopic"></a>

주제에 메시지를 게시합니다.

### 요청
<a name="ipc-operation-publishtotopic-request"></a>

이 작업의 요청에서는 다음 파라미터를 사용합니다.

`topic`  
메시지를 게시할 주제입니다.

`publishMessage`(Python: `publish_message`)  
게시할 메시지입니다. 이 객체 `PublishMessage`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다. `jsonMessage` 및 `binaryMessage` 중 하나를 지정해야 합니다.  <a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-message-shape"></a>  
`jsonMessage`(Python: `json_message`)  
(선택 사항) JSON 메시지입니다. 이 객체 `JsonMessage`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`message`  
객체인 JSON 메시지입니다.  
`context`  <a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-message-context-variable"></a>
메시지가 게시된 주제와 같은 메시지의 컨텍스트입니다.  
이 기능은 [Greengrass nucleus 구성 요소](greengrass-nucleus-component.md)의 v2.6.0 이상에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 다음 표에는 메시지 컨텍스트에 액세스하기 위해 사용해야 하는 AWS IoT Device SDK 의 최소 버전이 나열되어 있습니다.      
[See the AWS documentation website for more details](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/ko_kr/greengrass/v2/developerguide/ipc-publish-subscribe.html)
 AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 `PublishToTopic` 및 `SubscribeToTopic` 작업에서 동일한 메시지 객체를 사용합니다. AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 구독 시 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 설정하고 게시하는 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 무시합니다.
이 객체 `MessageContext`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`topic`  
메시지가 게시된 주제입니다.  
`binaryMessage`(Python: `binary_message`)  
(선택 사항) 이진 메시지입니다. 이 객체 `BinaryMessage`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`message`  
Blob인 이진 메시지입니다.  
`context`  <a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-message-context-variable"></a>
메시지가 게시된 주제와 같은 메시지의 컨텍스트입니다.  
이 기능은 [Greengrass nucleus 구성 요소](greengrass-nucleus-component.md)의 v2.6.0 이상에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 다음 표에는 메시지 컨텍스트에 액세스하기 위해 사용해야 하는 AWS IoT Device SDK 의 최소 버전이 나열되어 있습니다.      
[See the AWS documentation website for more details](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/ko_kr/greengrass/v2/developerguide/ipc-publish-subscribe.html)
 AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 `PublishToTopic` 및 `SubscribeToTopic` 작업에서 동일한 메시지 객체를 사용합니다. AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 구독 시 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 설정하고 게시하는 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 무시합니다.
이 객체 `MessageContext`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`topic`  
메시지가 게시된 주제입니다.

### 응답
<a name="ipc-operation-publishtotopic-response"></a>

이 작업의 응답에는 어떠한 정보도 제공하지 않습니다.

### 예제
<a name="ipc-operation-publishtotopic-examples"></a>

다음 예제에서는 사용자 지정 구성 요소 코드에서 이 작업을 직접 호출하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

------
#### [ Java (IPC client V2) ]

**Example 예: 이진 메시지 게시**  

```
package com.aws.greengrass.docs.samples.ipc;

import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.BinaryMessage;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.PublishMessage;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.PublishToTopicRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.PublishToTopicResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.UnauthorizedError;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class PublishToTopicV2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String topic = args[0];
        String message = args[1];
        try (GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2 ipcClient = GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2.builder().build()) {
            PublishToTopicV2.publishBinaryMessageToTopic(ipcClient, topic, message);
            System.out.println("Successfully published to topic: " + topic);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (e.getCause() instanceof UnauthorizedError) {
                System.err.println("Unauthorized error while publishing to topic: " + topic);
            } else {
                System.err.println("Exception occurred when using IPC.");
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static PublishToTopicResponse publishBinaryMessageToTopic(
            GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2 ipcClient, String topic, String message) throws InterruptedException {
        BinaryMessage binaryMessage =
                new BinaryMessage().withMessage(message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        PublishMessage publishMessage = new PublishMessage().withBinaryMessage(binaryMessage);
        PublishToTopicRequest publishToTopicRequest =
                new PublishToTopicRequest().withTopic(topic).withPublishMessage(publishMessage);
        return ipcClient.publishToTopic(publishToTopicRequest);
    }
}
```

------
#### [ Python (IPC client V2) ]

**Example 예: 이진 메시지 게시**  

```
import sys
import traceback

from awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.clientv2 import GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2
from awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.model import (
    PublishMessage,
    BinaryMessage
)


def main():
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    topic = args[0]
    message = args[1]

    try:
        ipc_client = GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2()
        publish_binary_message_to_topic(ipc_client, topic, message)
        print('Successfully published to topic: ' + topic)
    except Exception:
        print('Exception occurred', file=sys.stderr)
        traceback.print_exc()
        exit(1)


def publish_binary_message_to_topic(ipc_client, topic, message):
    binary_message = BinaryMessage(message=bytes(message, 'utf-8'))
    publish_message = PublishMessage(binary_message=binary_message)
    return ipc_client.publish_to_topic(topic=topic, publish_message=publish_message)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
```

------
#### [ C\+\+ (IPC client V1) ]

**Example 예: 이진 메시지 게시**  

```
#include <iostream>

#include <aws/crt/Api.h>
#include <aws/greengrass/GreengrassCoreIpcClient.h>

using namespace Aws::Crt;
using namespace Aws::Greengrass;

class IpcClientLifecycleHandler : public ConnectionLifecycleHandler {
    void OnConnectCallback() override {
        // Handle connection to IPC service.
    }

    void OnDisconnectCallback(RpcError error) override {
        // Handle disconnection from IPC service.
    }

    bool OnErrorCallback(RpcError error) override {
        // Handle IPC service connection error.
        return true;
    }
};

int main() {
    ApiHandle apiHandle(g_allocator);
    Io::EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup(1);
    Io::DefaultHostResolver socketResolver(eventLoopGroup, 64, 30);
    Io::ClientBootstrap bootstrap(eventLoopGroup, socketResolver);
    IpcClientLifecycleHandler ipcLifecycleHandler;
    GreengrassCoreIpcClient ipcClient(bootstrap);
    auto connectionStatus = ipcClient.Connect(ipcLifecycleHandler).get();
    if (!connectionStatus) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection: " << connectionStatus.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    String topic("my/topic");
    String message("Hello, World!");
    int timeout = 10;

    PublishToTopicRequest request;
    Vector<uint8_t> messageData({message.begin(), message.end()});
    BinaryMessage binaryMessage;
    binaryMessage.SetMessage(messageData);
    PublishMessage publishMessage;
    publishMessage.SetBinaryMessage(binaryMessage);
    request.SetTopic(topic);
    request.SetPublishMessage(publishMessage);

    auto operation = ipcClient.NewPublishToTopic();
    auto activate = operation->Activate(request, nullptr);
    activate.wait();

    auto responseFuture = operation->GetResult();
    if (responseFuture.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(timeout)) == std::future_status::timeout) {
        std::cerr << "Operation timed out while waiting for response from Greengrass Core." << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    auto response = responseFuture.get();
    if (!response) {
        // Handle error.
        auto errorType = response.GetResultType();
        if (errorType == OPERATION_ERROR) {
            auto *error = response.GetOperationError();
            (void)error;
            // Handle operation error.
        } else {
            // Handle RPC error.
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
```

------
#### [ JavaScript ]

**Example 예: 이진 메시지 게시**  

```
    
import * as greengrasscoreipc from "aws-iot-device-sdk-v2/dist/greengrasscoreipc";
import {BinaryMessage, PublishMessage, PublishToTopicRequest} from "aws-iot-device-sdk-v2/dist/greengrasscoreipc/model";
 
class PublishToTopic {
    private ipcClient : greengrasscoreipc.Client
    private readonly topic : string;
    private readonly messageString : string;
 
    constructor() {
        // define your own constructor, e.g.
        this.topic = "<define_your_topic>";
        this.messageString = "<define_your_message_string>";
        this.publishToTopic().then(r => console.log("Started workflow"));
    }
 
    private async publishToTopic() {
        try {
            this.ipcClient = await getIpcClient();
 
            const binaryMessage : BinaryMessage = {
                message: this.messageString
            }
 
            const publishMessage : PublishMessage = {
                binaryMessage: binaryMessage
            }
 
            const request : PublishToTopicRequest = {
                topic: this.topic,
                publishMessage: publishMessage
            }
 
            this.ipcClient.publishToTopic(request).finally(() => console.log(`Published message ${publishMessage.binaryMessage?.message} to topic`))
 
        } catch (e) {
            // parse the error depending on your use cases
            throw e
        }
    }
}
 
 
export async function getIpcClient(){
    try {
        const ipcClient = greengrasscoreipc.createClient();
        await ipcClient.connect()
            .catch(error => {
                // parse the error depending on your use cases
                throw error;
            });
        return ipcClient
    } catch (err) {
        // parse the error depending on your use cases
        throw err
    }
}
 
// starting point
const publishToTopic = new PublishToTopic();
```

------
#### [ Rust ]

**Example 예: 이진 메시지 게시**  

```
use gg_sdk::Sdk;

fn main() {
    let sdk = Sdk::init();
    sdk.connect().expect("Failed to establish IPC connection");

    let message = b"Hello, World";
    let topic = "my/topic";

    sdk.publish_to_topic_binary(topic, message)
        .expect("Failed to publish to topic");

    println!("Successfully published to topic: {topic}");
}
```

------
#### [ C ]

**Example 예: 이진 메시지 게시**  

```
#include <gg/error.h>
#include <gg/ipc/client.h>
#include <gg/sdk.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void) {
    gg_sdk_init();

    GgError err = ggipc_connect();
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    GgBuffer message = GG_STR("Hello, World");
    GgBuffer topic = GG_STR("my/topic");

    err = ggipc_publish_to_topic_binary(topic, message);
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(
            stderr,
            "Failed to publish to topic: %.*s\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data
        );
        exit(-1);
    }

    printf(
        "Successfully published to topic: %.*s\n", (int) topic.len, topic.data
    );
}
```

------
#### [ C\+\+ (Component SDK) ]

**Example 예: 이진 메시지 게시**  

```
#include <gg/ipc/client.hpp>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    auto &client = gg::ipc::Client::get();

    auto error = client.connect();
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::string_view message = "Hello, World";
    std::string_view topic = "my/topic";

    error = client.publish_to_topic(topic, message);
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to publish to topic: " << topic << "\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::cout << "Successfully published to topic: " << topic << "\n";
}
```

------

## SubscribeToTopic
<a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic"></a>

주제에 대한 메시지를 구독합니다.

<a name="ipc-subscribe-operation-note"></a>이 작업은 이벤트 메시지 스트림을 구독하는 구독 작업입니다. 이 작업을 사용하려면 이벤트 메시지, 오류 및 스트림 종료를 처리하는 함수를 사용하여 스트림 응답 핸들러를 정의합니다. 자세한 내용은 [IPC 이벤트 스트림 구독](interprocess-communication.md#ipc-subscribe-operations) 단원을 참조하십시오.

**이벤트 메시지 유형:** `SubscriptionResponseMessage`

### 요청
<a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic-request"></a>

이 작업의 요청에서는 다음 파라미터를 사용합니다.

`topic`  
구독할 주제입니다.  
[Greengrass nucleus](greengrass-nucleus-component.md) v2.6.0 이상에서 이 주제는 MQTT 주제 와일드카드(`#` 및 `+`)를 지원합니다.

`receiveMode`(Python: `receive_mode`)  
(선택 사항) 구성 요소가 자체에서 메시지를 수신하는지 여부를 지정하는 동작입니다. 이 동작을 변경하여 구성 요소가 자체 메시지에 대해 조치하도록 허용할 수 있습니다. 기본 동작은 주제에 MQTT 와일드카드가 포함되어 있는지 여부에 따라 달라집니다. 다음 옵션 중 하나를 선택합니다.  
+ `RECEIVE_ALL_MESSAGES` - 구독하는 구성 요소의 메시지를 포함하여 주제와 일치하는 모든 메시지를 수신합니다.

  이 모드는 MQTT 와일드카드가 포함되지 않은 주제를 구독할 때 기본 옵션입니다.
+ `RECEIVE_MESSAGES_FROM_OTHERS` - 구독하는 구성 요소의 메시지를 제외하고 주제와 일치하는 모든 메시지를 수신합니다.

  이 모드는 MQTT 와일드카드가 포함된 주제를 구독할 때 기본 옵션입니다.
이 기능은 [Greengrass nucleus 구성 요소](greengrass-nucleus-component.md)의 v2.6.0 이상에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 다음 표에는 수신 모드를 설정하는 데 사용해야 AWS IoT Device SDK 하는의 최소 버전이 나열되어 있습니다.      
[See the AWS documentation website for more details](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/ko_kr/greengrass/v2/developerguide/ipc-publish-subscribe.html)

### 응답
<a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic-response"></a>

이 작업의 응답에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.

`messages`  
메시지 스트림입니다. 이 객체 `SubscriptionResponseMessage`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다. 각 메시지에는 `jsonMessage` 또는 `binaryMessage`가 포함됩니다.  <a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-message-shape"></a>  
`jsonMessage`(Python: `json_message`)  
(선택 사항) JSON 메시지입니다. 이 객체 `JsonMessage`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`message`  
객체인 JSON 메시지입니다.  
`context`  <a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-message-context-variable"></a>
메시지가 게시된 주제와 같은 메시지의 컨텍스트입니다.  
이 기능은 [Greengrass nucleus 구성 요소](greengrass-nucleus-component.md)의 v2.6.0 이상에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 다음 표에는 메시지 컨텍스트에 액세스하기 위해 사용해야 하는 AWS IoT Device SDK 의 최소 버전이 나열되어 있습니다.      
[See the AWS documentation website for more details](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/ko_kr/greengrass/v2/developerguide/ipc-publish-subscribe.html)
 AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 `PublishToTopic` 및 `SubscribeToTopic` 작업에서 동일한 메시지 객체를 사용합니다. AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 구독 시 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 설정하고 게시하는 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 무시합니다.
이 객체 `MessageContext`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`topic`  
메시지가 게시된 주제입니다.  
`binaryMessage`(Python: `binary_message`)  
(선택 사항) 이진 메시지입니다. 이 객체 `BinaryMessage`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`message`  
Blob인 이진 메시지입니다.  
`context`  <a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-message-context-variable"></a>
메시지가 게시된 주제와 같은 메시지의 컨텍스트입니다.  
이 기능은 [Greengrass nucleus 구성 요소](greengrass-nucleus-component.md)의 v2.6.0 이상에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 다음 표에는 메시지 컨텍스트에 액세스하기 위해 사용해야 하는 AWS IoT Device SDK 의 최소 버전이 나열되어 있습니다.      
[See the AWS documentation website for more details](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/ko_kr/greengrass/v2/developerguide/ipc-publish-subscribe.html)
 AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 `PublishToTopic` 및 `SubscribeToTopic` 작업에서 동일한 메시지 객체를 사용합니다. AWS IoT Greengrass 코어 소프트웨어는 구독 시 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 설정하고 게시하는 메시지에서이 컨텍스트 객체를 무시합니다.
이 객체 `MessageContext`에는 다음 정보가 포함됩니다.    
`topic`  
메시지가 게시된 주제입니다.

`topicName`(Python: `topic_name`)  
메시지가 게시된 주제입니다.  
이 속성은 현재 사용되지 않습니다. [Greengrass nucleus](greengrass-nucleus-component.md) v2.6.0 이상에서는 `SubscriptionResponseMessage`에서 `(jsonMessage|binaryMessage).context.topic` 값을 가져와 메시지가 게시된 주제를 가져올 수 있습니다.

### 예제
<a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic-examples"></a>

다음 예제에서는 사용자 지정 구성 요소 코드에서 이 작업을 직접 호출하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

------
#### [ Java (IPC client V2) ]

**Example 예: 로컬 게시/구독 메시지 구독**  <a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic-example-java-v2"></a>

```
package com.aws.greengrass.docs.samples.ipc;

import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.SubscribeToTopicResponseHandler;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.*;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Optional;

public class SubscribeToTopicV2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String topic = args[0];
        try (GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2 ipcClient = GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2.builder().build()) {
            SubscribeToTopicRequest request = new SubscribeToTopicRequest().withTopic(topic);
            GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2.StreamingResponse<SubscribeToTopicResponse,
                    SubscribeToTopicResponseHandler> response =
                    ipcClient.subscribeToTopic(request, SubscribeToTopicV2::onStreamEvent,
                            Optional.of(SubscribeToTopicV2::onStreamError),
                            Optional.of(SubscribeToTopicV2::onStreamClosed));
            SubscribeToTopicResponseHandler responseHandler = response.getHandler();
            System.out.println("Successfully subscribed to topic: " + topic);

            // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
            try {
                while (true) {
                    Thread.sleep(10000);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("Subscribe interrupted.");
            }

            // To stop subscribing, close the stream.
            responseHandler.closeStream();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (e.getCause() instanceof UnauthorizedError) {
                System.err.println("Unauthorized error while publishing to topic: " + topic);
            } else {
                System.err.println("Exception occurred when using IPC.");
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void onStreamEvent(SubscriptionResponseMessage subscriptionResponseMessage) {
        try {
            BinaryMessage binaryMessage = subscriptionResponseMessage.getBinaryMessage();
            String message = new String(binaryMessage.getMessage(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            String topic = binaryMessage.getContext().getTopic();
            System.out.printf("Received new message on topic %s: %s%n", topic, message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Exception occurred while processing subscription response " +
                    "message.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static boolean onStreamError(Throwable error) {
        System.err.println("Received a stream error.");
        error.printStackTrace();
        return false; // Return true to close stream, false to keep stream open.
    }

    public static void onStreamClosed() {
        System.out.println("Subscribe to topic stream closed.");
    }
}
```

------
#### [ Python (IPC client V2) ]

**Example 예: 로컬 게시/구독 메시지 구독**  <a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic-example-python-v2"></a>

```
import sys
import time
import traceback

from awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.clientv2 import GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2
from awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.model import (
    SubscriptionResponseMessage,
    UnauthorizedError
)


def main():
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    topic = args[0]

    try:
        ipc_client = GreengrassCoreIPCClientV2()
        # Subscription operations return a tuple with the response and the operation.
        _, operation = ipc_client.subscribe_to_topic(topic=topic, on_stream_event=on_stream_event,
                                                     on_stream_error=on_stream_error, on_stream_closed=on_stream_closed)
        print('Successfully subscribed to topic: ' + topic)

        # Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
        try:
            while True:
                time.sleep(10)
        except InterruptedError:
            print('Subscribe interrupted.')

        # To stop subscribing, close the stream.
        operation.close()
    except UnauthorizedError:
        print('Unauthorized error while subscribing to topic: ' +
              topic, file=sys.stderr)
        traceback.print_exc()
        exit(1)
    except Exception:
        print('Exception occurred', file=sys.stderr)
        traceback.print_exc()
        exit(1)


def on_stream_event(event: SubscriptionResponseMessage) -> None:
    try:
        message = str(event.binary_message.message, 'utf-8')
        topic = event.binary_message.context.topic
        print('Received new message on topic %s: %s' % (topic, message))
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()


def on_stream_error(error: Exception) -> bool:
    print('Received a stream error.', file=sys.stderr)
    traceback.print_exc()
    return False  # Return True to close stream, False to keep stream open.


def on_stream_closed() -> None:
    print('Subscribe to topic stream closed.')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
```

------
#### [ C\+\+ (IPC client V1) ]

**Example 예: 로컬 게시/구독 메시지 구독**  <a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic-example-cpp"></a>

```
#include <iostream>

#include </crt/Api.h>
#include <aws/greengrass/GreengrassCoreIpcClient.h>

using namespace Aws::Crt;
using namespace Aws::Greengrass;

class SubscribeResponseHandler : public SubscribeToTopicStreamHandler {
    public:
        virtual ~SubscribeResponseHandler() {}

    private:
        void OnStreamEvent(SubscriptionResponseMessage *response) override {
            auto jsonMessage = response->GetJsonMessage();
            if (jsonMessage.has_value() && jsonMessage.value().GetMessage().has_value()) {
                auto messageString = jsonMessage.value().GetMessage().value().View().WriteReadable();
                // Handle JSON message.
            } else {
                auto binaryMessage = response->GetBinaryMessage();
                if (binaryMessage.has_value() && binaryMessage.value().GetMessage().has_value()) {
                    auto messageBytes = binaryMessage.value().GetMessage().value();
                    std::string messageString(messageBytes.begin(), messageBytes.end());
                    // Handle binary message.
                }
            }
        }

        bool OnStreamError(OperationError *error) override {
            // Handle error.
            return false; // Return true to close stream, false to keep stream open.
        }

        void OnStreamClosed() override {
            // Handle close.
        }
};

class IpcClientLifecycleHandler : public ConnectionLifecycleHandler {
    void OnConnectCallback() override {
        // Handle connection to IPC service.
    }

    void OnDisconnectCallback(RpcError error) override {
        // Handle disconnection from IPC service.
    }

    bool OnErrorCallback(RpcError error) override {
        // Handle IPC service connection error.
        return true;
    }
};

int main() {
    ApiHandle apiHandle(g_allocator);
    Io::EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup(1);
    Io::DefaultHostResolver socketResolver(eventLoopGroup, 64, 30);
    Io::ClientBootstrap bootstrap(eventLoopGroup, socketResolver);
    IpcClientLifecycleHandler ipcLifecycleHandler;
    GreengrassCoreIpcClient ipcClient(bootstrap);
    auto connectionStatus = ipcClient.Connect(ipcLifecycleHandler).get();
    if (!connectionStatus) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection: " << connectionStatus.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    String topic("my/topic");
    int timeout = 10;

    SubscribeToTopicRequest request;
    request.SetTopic(topic);

    //SubscribeResponseHandler streamHandler;
    auto streamHandler = MakeShared<SubscribeResponseHandler>(DefaultAllocator());
    auto operation = ipcClient.NewSubscribeToTopic(streamHandler);
    auto activate = operation->Activate(request, nullptr);
    activate.wait();

    auto responseFuture = operation->GetResult();
    if (responseFuture.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(timeout)) == std::future_status::timeout) {
        std::cerr << "Operation timed out while waiting for response from Greengrass Core." << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    auto response = responseFuture.get();
    if (!response) {
        // Handle error.
        auto errorType = response.GetResultType();
        if (errorType == OPERATION_ERROR) {
            auto *error = response.GetOperationError();
            (void)error;
            // Handle operation error.
        } else {
            // Handle RPC error.
        }
        exit(-1);
    }

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    while (true) {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(10));
    }

    operation->Close();
    return 0;
}
```

------
#### [ JavaScript ]

**Example 예: 로컬 게시/구독 메시지 구독**  <a name="ipc-operation-subscribetotopic-example-nodejs"></a>

```
import * as greengrasscoreipc from "aws-iot-device-sdk-v2/dist/greengrasscoreipc";
import {SubscribeToTopicRequest, SubscriptionResponseMessage} from "aws-iot-device-sdk-v2/dist/greengrasscoreipc/model";
import {RpcError} from "aws-iot-device-sdk-v2/dist/eventstream_rpc";
 
class SubscribeToTopic {
    private ipcClient : greengrasscoreipc.Client
    private readonly topic : string;
 
    constructor() {
        // define your own constructor, e.g.
        this.topic = "<define_your_topic>";
        this.subscribeToTopic().then(r => console.log("Started workflow"));
    }
 
    private async subscribeToTopic() {
        try {
            this.ipcClient = await getIpcClient();
 
            const subscribeToTopicRequest : SubscribeToTopicRequest = {
                topic: this.topic,
            }
 
            const streamingOperation = this.ipcClient.subscribeToTopic(subscribeToTopicRequest, undefined); // conditionally apply options
 
            streamingOperation.on("message", (message: SubscriptionResponseMessage) => {
                // parse the message depending on your use cases, e.g.
                if(message.binaryMessage && message.binaryMessage.message) {
                    const receivedMessage = message.binaryMessage?.message.toString();
                }
            });
 
            streamingOperation.on("streamError", (error : RpcError) => {
                // define your own error handling logic
            })
 
            streamingOperation.on("ended", () => {
                // define your own logic
            })
 
            await streamingOperation.activate();
 
            // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
            await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10000))
        } catch (e) {
            // parse the error depending on your use cases
            throw e
        }
    }
}
 
export async function getIpcClient(){
    try {
        const ipcClient = greengrasscoreipc.createClient();
        await ipcClient.connect()
            .catch(error => {
                // parse the error depending on your use cases
                throw error;
            });
        return ipcClient
    } catch (err) {
        // parse the error depending on your use cases
        throw err
    }
}
 
// starting point
const subscribeToTopic = new SubscribeToTopic();
```

------
#### [ Rust ]

**Example 예: 로컬 게시/구독 메시지 구독**  

```
use gg_sdk::{Sdk, SubscribeToTopicPayload};
use std::{thread, time::Duration};

fn main() {
    let sdk = Sdk::init();
    sdk.connect().expect("Failed to establish IPC connection");

    let topic = "my/topic";

    let callback = |topic: &str, payload: SubscribeToTopicPayload| match payload
    {
        SubscribeToTopicPayload::Binary(message) => {
            let message = String::from_utf8_lossy(message);
            println!("Received new message on topic {topic}: {message}");
        }
        SubscribeToTopicPayload::Json(_) => {
            println!("Received new message on topic {topic}: (JSON message)");
        }
    };

    let _sub = sdk
        .subscribe_to_topic(topic, &callback)
        .expect("Failed to subscribe to topic");

    println!("Successfully subscribed to topic: {topic}");

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    loop {
        thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10));
    }
}
```

------
#### [ C ]

**Example 예: 로컬 게시/구독 메시지 구독**  

```
#include <assert.h>
#include <gg/error.h>
#include <gg/ipc/client.h>
#include <gg/object.h>
#include <gg/sdk.h>
#include <gg/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static void on_subscription_response(
    void *ctx, GgBuffer topic, GgObject payload, GgIpcSubscriptionHandle handle
) {
    (void) ctx;
    (void) handle;

    if (gg_obj_type(payload) == GG_TYPE_BUF) {
        GgBuffer message = gg_obj_into_buf(payload);
        printf(
            "Received new message on topic %.*s: %.*s\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data,
            (int) message.len,
            message.data
        );
    } else {
        assert(gg_obj_type(payload) == GG_TYPE_MAP);
        printf(
            "Received new message on topic %.*s: (JSON message)\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data
        );
    }
}

int main(void) {
    gg_sdk_init();

    GgError err = ggipc_connect();
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    GgBuffer topic = GG_STR("my/topic");

    GgIpcSubscriptionHandle handle;
    err = ggipc_subscribe_to_topic(
        topic, on_subscription_response, NULL, &handle
    );
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(
            stderr,
            "Failed to subscribe to topic: %.*s\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data
        );
        exit(-1);
    }

    printf(
        "Successfully subscribed to topic: %.*s\n", (int) topic.len, topic.data
    );

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    while (1) {
        sleep(10);
    }

    // To stop subscribing, close the stream.
    ggipc_close_subscription(handle);
}
```

------
#### [ C\+\+ (Component SDK) ]

**Example 예: 로컬 게시/구독 메시지 구독**  

```
#include <gg/ipc/client.hpp>
#include <gg/object.hpp>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

class ResponseHandler : public gg::ipc::LocalTopicCallback {
    void operator()(
        std::string_view topic,
        gg::Object payload,
        gg::ipc::Subscription &handle
    ) override {
        (void) handle;
        if (payload.index() == GG_TYPE_BUF) {
            std::cout << "Received new message on topic " << topic << ": "
                      << get<gg::Buffer>(payload) << "\n";
        } else {
            assert(payload.index() == GG_TYPE_MAP);
            std::cout << "Received new message on topic " << topic
                      << ": (JSON message)\n";
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    auto &client = gg::ipc::Client::get();

    auto error = client.connect();
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::string_view topic = "my/topic";

    static ResponseHandler handler;
    error = client.subscribe_to_topic(topic, handler);
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to subscribe to topic: " << topic << "\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::cout << "Successfully subscribed to topic: " << topic << "\n";

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    while (1) {
        sleep(10);
    }
}
```

------

## 예제
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-examples"></a>

다음 예제를 사용하여 구성 요소에서 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하는 방법을 알아봅니다.

### 예제 게시/구독 게시자(Java, IPC 클라이언트 V1)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-publisher-java"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제에 게시할 수 있도록 허용합니다.

------
#### [ JSON ]

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubPublisherJava",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that publishes messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubPublisherJava:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to publish to all topics.",
            "operations": [
              "aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "*"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Lifecycle": {
        "Run": "java -jar {artifacts:path}/PubSubPublisher.jar"
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

------
#### [ YAML ]

```
---
RecipeFormatVersion: '2020-01-25'
ComponentName: com.example.PubSubPublisherJava
ComponentVersion: '1.0.0'
ComponentDescription: A component that publishes messages.
ComponentPublisher: Amazon
ComponentConfiguration:
  DefaultConfiguration:
    accessControl:
      aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub:
        'com.example.PubSubPublisherJava:pubsub:1':
          policyDescription: Allows access to publish to all topics.
          operations:
            - 'aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic'
          resources:
            - '*'
Manifests:
  - Lifecycle:
      Run: |-
        java -jar {artifacts:path}/PubSubPublisher.jar
```

------

다음 예제 Java 애플리케이션에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 메시지를 다른 구성 요소에 게시하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
/* Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */

package com.example.ipc.pubsub;

import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.GreengrassCoreIPCClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.*;
import software.amazon.awssdk.eventstreamrpc.EventStreamRPCConnection;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class PubSubPublisher {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String message = "Hello from the pub/sub publisher (Java).";
        String topic = "test/topic/java";

        try (EventStreamRPCConnection eventStreamRPCConnection = IPCUtils.getEventStreamRpcConnection()) {
            GreengrassCoreIPCClient ipcClient = new GreengrassCoreIPCClient(eventStreamRPCConnection);

            while (true) {
                PublishToTopicRequest publishRequest = new PublishToTopicRequest();
                PublishMessage publishMessage = new PublishMessage();
                BinaryMessage binaryMessage = new BinaryMessage();
                binaryMessage.setMessage(message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                publishMessage.setBinaryMessage(binaryMessage);
                publishRequest.setPublishMessage(publishMessage);
                publishRequest.setTopic(topic);
                CompletableFuture<PublishToTopicResponse> futureResponse = ipcClient
                        .publishToTopic(publishRequest, Optional.empty()).getResponse();

                try {
                    futureResponse.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                    System.out.println("Successfully published to topic: " + topic);
                } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                    System.err.println("Timeout occurred while publishing to topic: " + topic);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    if (e.getCause() instanceof UnauthorizedError) {
                        System.err.println("Unauthorized error while publishing to topic: " + topic);
                    } else {
                        System.err.println("Execution exception while publishing to topic: " + topic);
                    }
                    throw e;
                }
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("Publisher interrupted.");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Exception occurred when using IPC.");
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}
```

### 예제 게시/구독 구독자(Java, IPC 클라이언트 V1)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-subscriber-java"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제를 구독하도록 허용합니다.

------
#### [ JSON ]

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubSubscriberJava",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that subscribes to messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubSubscriberJava:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to subscribe to all topics.",
            "operations": [
              "aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "*"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Lifecycle": {
        "Run": "java -jar {artifacts:path}/PubSubSubscriber.jar"
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

------
#### [ YAML ]

```
---
RecipeFormatVersion: '2020-01-25'
ComponentName: com.example.PubSubSubscriberJava
ComponentVersion: '1.0.0'
ComponentDescription: A component that subscribes to messages.
ComponentPublisher: Amazon
ComponentConfiguration:
  DefaultConfiguration:
    accessControl:
      aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub:
        'com.example.PubSubSubscriberJava:pubsub:1':
          policyDescription: Allows access to subscribe to all topics.
          operations:
            - 'aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic'
          resources:
            - '*'
Manifests:
  - Lifecycle:
      Run: |-
        java -jar {artifacts:path}/PubSubSubscriber.jar
```

------

다음 예제 Java 애플리케이션에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 다른 구성 요소의 메시지를 구독하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
/* Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */

package com.example.ipc.pubsub;

import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.GreengrassCoreIPCClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.SubscribeToTopicResponseHandler;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.SubscribeToTopicRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.SubscribeToTopicResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.SubscriptionResponseMessage;
import software.amazon.awssdk.aws.greengrass.model.UnauthorizedError;
import software.amazon.awssdk.eventstreamrpc.EventStreamRPCConnection;
import software.amazon.awssdk.eventstreamrpc.StreamResponseHandler;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class PubSubSubscriber {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String topic = "test/topic/java";

        try (EventStreamRPCConnection eventStreamRPCConnection = IPCUtils.getEventStreamRpcConnection()) {
            GreengrassCoreIPCClient ipcClient = new GreengrassCoreIPCClient(eventStreamRPCConnection);

            SubscribeToTopicRequest subscribeRequest = new SubscribeToTopicRequest();
            subscribeRequest.setTopic(topic);
            SubscribeToTopicResponseHandler operationResponseHandler = ipcClient
                    .subscribeToTopic(subscribeRequest, Optional.of(new SubscribeResponseHandler()));
            CompletableFuture<SubscribeToTopicResponse> futureResponse = operationResponseHandler.getResponse();

            try {
                futureResponse.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                System.out.println("Successfully subscribed to topic: " + topic);
            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                System.err.println("Timeout occurred while subscribing to topic: " + topic);
                throw e;
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                if (e.getCause() instanceof UnauthorizedError) {
                    System.err.println("Unauthorized error while subscribing to topic: " + topic);
                } else {
                    System.err.println("Execution exception while subscribing to topic: " + topic);
                }
                throw e;
            }

            // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
            try {
                while (true) {
                    Thread.sleep(10000);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("Subscribe interrupted.");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Exception occurred when using IPC.");
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    private static class SubscribeResponseHandler implements StreamResponseHandler<SubscriptionResponseMessage> {

        @Override
        public void onStreamEvent(SubscriptionResponseMessage subscriptionResponseMessage) {
            try {
                String message = new String(subscriptionResponseMessage.getBinaryMessage()
                        .getMessage(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                System.out.println("Received new message: " + message);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onStreamError(Throwable error) {
            System.err.println("Received a stream error.");
            error.printStackTrace();
            return false; // Return true to close stream, false to keep stream open.
        }

        @Override
        public void onStreamClosed() {
            System.out.println("Subscribe to topic stream closed.");
        }
    }
}
```

### 예제 게시/구독 게시자(Python, IPC 클라이언트 V1)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-publisher-python"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제에 게시할 수 있도록 허용합니다.

------
#### [ JSON ]

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubPublisherPython",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that publishes messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubPublisherPython:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to publish to all topics.",
            "operations": [
              "aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "*"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "install": "python3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk",
        "Run": "python3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_publisher.py"
      }
    },
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "windows"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "install": "py -3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk",
        "Run": "py -3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_publisher.py"
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

------
#### [ YAML ]

```
---
RecipeFormatVersion: '2020-01-25'
ComponentName: com.example.PubSubPublisherPython
ComponentVersion: 1.0.0
ComponentDescription: A component that publishes messages.
ComponentPublisher: Amazon
ComponentConfiguration:
  DefaultConfiguration:
    accessControl:
      aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub:
        com.example.PubSubPublisherPython:pubsub:1:
          policyDescription: Allows access to publish to all topics.
          operations:
            - aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic
          resources:
            - "*"
Manifests:
  - Platform:
      os: linux
    Lifecycle:
      install: python3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk
      Run: python3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_publisher.py
  - Platform:
      os: windows
    Lifecycle:
      install: py -3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk
      Run: py -3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_publisher.py
```

------

다음 예제 Python 애플리케이션에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 메시지를 다른 구성 요소에 게시하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
import concurrent.futures
import sys
import time
import traceback

import awsiot.greengrasscoreipc
from awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.model import (
    PublishToTopicRequest,
    PublishMessage,
    BinaryMessage,
    UnauthorizedError
)

                    
topic = "test/topic/python"
message = "Hello from the pub/sub publisher (Python)."
TIMEOUT = 10

try:
    ipc_client = awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.connect()

    while True:
        request = PublishToTopicRequest()
        request.topic = topic
        publish_message = PublishMessage()
        publish_message.binary_message = BinaryMessage()
        publish_message.binary_message.message = bytes(message, "utf-8")
        request.publish_message = publish_message
        operation = ipc_client.new_publish_to_topic()
        operation.activate(request)
        future_response = operation.get_response()

        try:
            future_response.result(TIMEOUT)
            print('Successfully published to topic: ' + topic)
        except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError:
            print('Timeout occurred while publishing to topic: ' + topic, file=sys.stderr)
        except UnauthorizedError as e:
            print('Unauthorized error while publishing to topic: ' + topic, file=sys.stderr)
            raise e
        except Exception as e:
            print('Exception while publishing to topic: ' + topic, file=sys.stderr)
            raise e
        time.sleep(5)
except InterruptedError:
    print('Publisher interrupted.')
except Exception:
    print('Exception occurred when using IPC.', file=sys.stderr)
    traceback.print_exc()
    exit(1)
```

### 예제 게시/구독 구독자(Python, IPC 클라이언트 V1)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-subscriber-python"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제를 구독하도록 허용합니다.

------
#### [ JSON ]

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubSubscriberPython",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that subscribes to messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubSubscriberPython:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to subscribe to all topics.",
            "operations": [
              "aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "*"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "install": "python3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk",
        "Run": "python3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_subscriber.py"
      }
    },
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "windows"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "install": "py -3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk",
        "Run": "py -3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_subscriber.py"
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

------
#### [ YAML ]

```
---
RecipeFormatVersion: '2020-01-25'
ComponentName: com.example.PubSubSubscriberPython
ComponentVersion: 1.0.0
ComponentDescription: A component that subscribes to messages.
ComponentPublisher: Amazon
ComponentConfiguration:
  DefaultConfiguration:
    accessControl:
      aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub:
        com.example.PubSubSubscriberPython:pubsub:1:
          policyDescription: Allows access to subscribe to all topics.
          operations:
            - aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic
          resources:
            - "*"
Manifests:
  - Platform:
      os: linux
    Lifecycle:
      install: python3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk
      Run: python3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_subscriber.py
  - Platform:
      os: windows
    Lifecycle:
      install: py -3 -m pip install --user awsiotsdk
      Run: py -3 -u {artifacts:path}/pubsub_subscriber.py
```

------

다음 예제 Python 애플리케이션에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 다른 구성 요소의 메시지를 구독하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
import concurrent.futures
import sys
import time
import traceback

import awsiot.greengrasscoreipc
import awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.client as client
from awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.model import (
    SubscribeToTopicRequest,
    SubscriptionResponseMessage,
    UnauthorizedError
)

topic = "test/topic/python"
TIMEOUT = 10

                    
class StreamHandler(client.SubscribeToTopicStreamHandler):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def on_stream_event(self, event: SubscriptionResponseMessage) -> None:
        try:
            message = str(event.binary_message.message, "utf-8")
            print("Received new message: " + message)
        except:
            traceback.print_exc()

    def on_stream_error(self, error: Exception) -> bool:
        print("Received a stream error.", file=sys.stderr)
        traceback.print_exc()
        return False  # Return True to close stream, False to keep stream open.

    def on_stream_closed(self) -> None:
        print('Subscribe to topic stream closed.')


try:
    ipc_client = awsiot.greengrasscoreipc.connect()

    request = SubscribeToTopicRequest()
    request.topic = topic
    handler = StreamHandler()
    operation = ipc_client.new_subscribe_to_topic(handler)
    operation.activate(request)
    future_response = operation.get_response()
    
    try:
        future_response.result(TIMEOUT)
        print('Successfully subscribed to topic: ' + topic)
    except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError as e:
        print('Timeout occurred while subscribing to topic: ' + topic, file=sys.stderr)
        raise e
    except UnauthorizedError as e:
        print('Unauthorized error while subscribing to topic: ' + topic, file=sys.stderr)
        raise e
    except Exception as e:
        print('Exception while subscribing to topic: ' + topic, file=sys.stderr)
        raise e

    # Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(10)
    except InterruptedError:
        print('Subscribe interrupted.')
except Exception:
    print('Exception occurred when using IPC.', file=sys.stderr)
    traceback.print_exc()
    exit(1)
```

### 게시/구독 게시자 예제(C\+\+, IPC 클라이언트 V1)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-publisher-cpp"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제에 게시할 수 있도록 허용합니다.

------
#### [ JSON ]

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that publishes messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to publish to all topics.",
            "operations": [
              "aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "*"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Lifecycle": {
        "Run": "{artifacts:path}/greengrassv2_pubsub_publisher"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp/1.0.0/greengrassv2_pubsub_publisher",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

------
#### [ YAML ]

```
---
RecipeFormatVersion: '2020-01-25'
ComponentName: com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp
ComponentVersion: 1.0.0
ComponentDescription: A component that publishes messages.
ComponentPublisher: Amazon
ComponentConfiguration:
  DefaultConfiguration:
    accessControl:
      aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub:
        com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp:pubsub:1:
          policyDescription: Allows access to publish to all topics.
          operations:
            - aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic
          resources:
            - "*"
Manifests:
  - Lifecycle:
      Run: "{artifacts:path}/greengrassv2_pubsub_publisher"
    Artifacts:
      - URI: s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp/1.0.0/greengrassv2_pubsub_publisher
        Permission:
          Execute: OWNER
```

------

다음 예제 C\+\+ 애플리케이션에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 메시지를 다른 구성 요소에 게시하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
#include <iostream>

#include <aws/crt/Api.h>
#include <aws/greengrass/GreengrassCoreIpcClient.h>

using namespace Aws::Crt;
using namespace Aws::Greengrass;

class IpcClientLifecycleHandler : public ConnectionLifecycleHandler {
    void OnConnectCallback() override {
        std::cout << "OnConnectCallback" << std::endl;
    }

    void OnDisconnectCallback(RpcError error) override {
        std::cout << "OnDisconnectCallback: " << error.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    bool OnErrorCallback(RpcError error) override {
        std::cout << "OnErrorCallback: " << error.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        return true;
    }
};

int main() {
    String message("Hello from the pub/sub publisher (C++).");
    String topic("test/topic/cpp");
    int timeout = 10;

    ApiHandle apiHandle(g_allocator);
    Io::EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup(1);
    Io::DefaultHostResolver socketResolver(eventLoopGroup, 64, 30);
    Io::ClientBootstrap bootstrap(eventLoopGroup, socketResolver);
    IpcClientLifecycleHandler ipcLifecycleHandler;
    GreengrassCoreIpcClient ipcClient(bootstrap);
    auto connectionStatus = ipcClient.Connect(ipcLifecycleHandler).get();
    if (!connectionStatus) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection: " << connectionStatus.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    while (true) {
        PublishToTopicRequest request;
        Vector<uint8_t> messageData({message.begin(), message.end()});
        BinaryMessage binaryMessage;
        binaryMessage.SetMessage(messageData);
        PublishMessage publishMessage;
        publishMessage.SetBinaryMessage(binaryMessage);
        request.SetTopic(topic);
        request.SetPublishMessage(publishMessage);

        auto operation = ipcClient.NewPublishToTopic();
        auto activate = operation->Activate(request, nullptr);
        activate.wait();

        auto responseFuture = operation->GetResult();
        if (responseFuture.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(timeout)) == std::future_status::timeout) {
            std::cerr << "Operation timed out while waiting for response from Greengrass Core." << std::endl;
            exit(-1);
        }

        auto response = responseFuture.get();
        if (response) {
            std::cout << "Successfully published to topic: " << topic << std::endl;
        } else {
            // An error occurred.
            std::cout << "Failed to publish to topic: " << topic << std::endl;
            auto errorType = response.GetResultType();
            if (errorType == OPERATION_ERROR) {
                auto *error = response.GetOperationError();
                std::cout << "Operation error: " << error->GetMessage().value() << std::endl;
            } else {
                std::cout << "RPC error: " << response.GetRpcError() << std::endl;
            }
            exit(-1);
        }

        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(5));
    }

    return 0;
}
```

### 구독자 게시/구독 예제(C\+\+, IPC 클라이언트 V1)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-subscriber-cpp"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제를 구독하도록 허용합니다.

------
#### [ JSON ]

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that subscribes to messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to subscribe to all topics.",
            "operations": [
              "aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic"
            ],
            "resources": [
              "*"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Lifecycle": {
        "Run": "{artifacts:path}/greengrassv2_pub_sub_subscriber"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp/1.0.0/greengrassv2_pub_sub_subscriber",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

------
#### [ YAML ]

```
---
RecipeFormatVersion: '2020-01-25'
ComponentName: com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp
ComponentVersion: 1.0.0
ComponentDescription: A component that subscribes to messages.
ComponentPublisher: Amazon
ComponentConfiguration:
  DefaultConfiguration:
    accessControl:
      aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub:
        com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp:pubsub:1:
          policyDescription: Allows access to subscribe to all topics.
          operations:
            - aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic
          resources:
            - "*"
Manifests:
  - Lifecycle:
      Run: "{artifacts:path}/greengrassv2_pub_sub_subscriber"
    Artifacts:
      - URI: s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp/1.0.0/greengrassv2_pub_sub_subscriber
        Permission:
          Execute: OWNER
```

------

다음 예제 C\+\+ 애플리케이션에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 다른 구성 요소의 메시지를 구독하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
#include <iostream>

#include <aws/crt/Api.h>
#include <aws/greengrass/GreengrassCoreIpcClient.h>

using namespace Aws::Crt;
using namespace Aws::Greengrass;

class SubscribeResponseHandler : public SubscribeToTopicStreamHandler {
    public:
        virtual ~SubscribeResponseHandler() {}

    private:
        void OnStreamEvent(SubscriptionResponseMessage *response) override {
            auto jsonMessage = response->GetJsonMessage();
            if (jsonMessage.has_value() && jsonMessage.value().GetMessage().has_value()) {
                auto messageString = jsonMessage.value().GetMessage().value().View().WriteReadable();
                std::cout << "Received new message: " << messageString << std::endl;
            } else {
                auto binaryMessage = response->GetBinaryMessage();
                if (binaryMessage.has_value() && binaryMessage.value().GetMessage().has_value()) {
                    auto messageBytes = binaryMessage.value().GetMessage().value();
                    std::string messageString(messageBytes.begin(), messageBytes.end());
                    std::cout << "Received new message: " << messageString << std::endl;
                }
            }
        }

        bool OnStreamError(OperationError *error) override {
            std::cout << "Received an operation error: ";
            if (error->GetMessage().has_value()) {
                std::cout << error->GetMessage().value();
            }
            std::cout << std::endl;
            return false; // Return true to close stream, false to keep stream open.
        }

        void OnStreamClosed() override {
            std::cout << "Subscribe to topic stream closed." << std::endl;
        }
};

class IpcClientLifecycleHandler : public ConnectionLifecycleHandler {
    void OnConnectCallback() override {
        std::cout << "OnConnectCallback" << std::endl;
    }

    void OnDisconnectCallback(RpcError error) override {
        std::cout << "OnDisconnectCallback: " << error.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    bool OnErrorCallback(RpcError error) override {
        std::cout << "OnErrorCallback: " << error.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        return true;
    }
};

int main() {
    String topic("test/topic/cpp");
    int timeout = 10;

    ApiHandle apiHandle(g_allocator);
    Io::EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup(1);
    Io::DefaultHostResolver socketResolver(eventLoopGroup, 64, 30);
    Io::ClientBootstrap bootstrap(eventLoopGroup, socketResolver);
    IpcClientLifecycleHandler ipcLifecycleHandler;
    GreengrassCoreIpcClient ipcClient(bootstrap);
    auto connectionStatus = ipcClient.Connect(ipcLifecycleHandler).get();
    if (!connectionStatus) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection: " << connectionStatus.StatusToString() << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    SubscribeToTopicRequest request;
    request.SetTopic(topic);
    auto streamHandler = MakeShared<SubscribeResponseHandler>(DefaultAllocator());
    auto operation = ipcClient.NewSubscribeToTopic(streamHandler);
    auto activate = operation->Activate(request, nullptr);
    activate.wait();

    auto responseFuture = operation->GetResult();
    if (responseFuture.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(timeout)) == std::future_status::timeout) {
        std::cerr << "Operation timed out while waiting for response from Greengrass Core." << std::endl;
        exit(-1);
    }

    auto response = responseFuture.get();
    if (response) {
        std::cout << "Successfully subscribed to topic: " << topic << std::endl;
    } else {
        // An error occurred.
        std::cout << "Failed to subscribe to topic: " << topic << std::endl;
        auto errorType = response.GetResultType();
        if (errorType == OPERATION_ERROR) {
            auto *error = response.GetOperationError();
            std::cout << "Operation error: " << error->GetMessage().value() << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cout << "RPC error: " << response.GetRpcError() << std::endl;
        }
        exit(-1);
    }

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    while (true) {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(10));
    }

    operation->Close();
    return 0;
}
```

### 게시/구독 게시자 예제(Rust)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-publisher-rust"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제에 게시할 수 있도록 허용합니다.

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubPublisherRust",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that publishes messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubPublisherRust:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to publish to all topics.",
            "operations": ["aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic"],
            "resources": ["*"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux",
        "runtime": "*"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "run": "{artifacts:path}/publish_to_topic"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubPublisherRust/1.0.0/publish_to_topic",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

다음 Rust 애플리케이션 예제에서는 IPC 서비스 게시/구독을 사용하여 메시지를 다른 구성 요소에 게시하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
use gg_sdk::Sdk;

fn main() {
    let sdk = Sdk::init();
    sdk.connect().expect("Failed to establish IPC connection");

    let message = b"Hello, World";
    let topic = "my/topic";

    sdk.publish_to_topic_binary(topic, message)
        .expect("Failed to publish to topic");

    println!("Successfully published to topic: {topic}");
}
```

### 구독자 게시/구독 예제(Rust)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-subscriber-rust"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제를 구독하도록 허용합니다.

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubSubscriberRust",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that subscribes to messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubSubscriberRust:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to subscribe to all topics.",
            "operations": ["aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic"],
            "resources": ["*"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux",
        "runtime": "*"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "run": "{artifacts:path}/subscribe_to_topic"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubSubscriberRust/1.0.0/subscribe_to_topic",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

다음 Rust 애플리케이션 예제에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 다른 구성 요소의 메시지를 구독하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
use gg_sdk::{Sdk, SubscribeToTopicPayload};
use std::{thread, time::Duration};

fn main() {
    let sdk = Sdk::init();
    sdk.connect().expect("Failed to establish IPC connection");

    let topic = "my/topic";

    let callback = |topic: &str, payload: SubscribeToTopicPayload| match payload
    {
        SubscribeToTopicPayload::Binary(message) => {
            let message = String::from_utf8_lossy(message);
            println!("Received new message on topic {topic}: {message}");
        }
        SubscribeToTopicPayload::Json(_) => {
            println!("Received new message on topic {topic}: (JSON message)");
        }
    };

    let _sub = sdk
        .subscribe_to_topic(topic, &callback)
        .expect("Failed to subscribe to topic");

    println!("Successfully subscribed to topic: {topic}");

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    loop {
        thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10));
    }
}
```

### 게시/구독 게시자 예제(C)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-publisher-c"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제에 게시할 수 있도록 허용합니다.

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubPublisherC",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that publishes messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubPublisherC:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to publish to all topics.",
            "operations": ["aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic"],
            "resources": ["*"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux",
        "runtime": "*"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "run": "{artifacts:path}/sample_publish_to_topic"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubPublisherC/1.0.0/sample_publish_to_topic",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

다음 예제 C 애플리케이션은 IPC 서비스 게시/구독을 사용하여 메시지를 다른 구성 요소에 게시하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
#include <gg/error.h>
#include <gg/ipc/client.h>
#include <gg/sdk.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void) {
    gg_sdk_init();

    GgError err = ggipc_connect();
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    GgBuffer message = GG_STR("Hello, World");
    GgBuffer topic = GG_STR("my/topic");

    err = ggipc_publish_to_topic_binary(topic, message);
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(
            stderr,
            "Failed to publish to topic: %.*s\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data
        );
        exit(-1);
    }

    printf(
        "Successfully published to topic: %.*s\n", (int) topic.len, topic.data
    );
}
```

### 구독자 게시/구독 예제(C)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-subscriber-c"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제를 구독하도록 허용합니다.

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubSubscriberC",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that subscribes to messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubSubscriberC:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to subscribe to all topics.",
            "operations": ["aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic"],
            "resources": ["*"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux",
        "runtime": "*"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "run": "{artifacts:path}/sample_subscribe_to_topic"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubSubscriberC/1.0.0/sample_subscribe_to_topic",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

다음 예제 C 애플리케이션은 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 다른 구성 요소의 메시지를 구독하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
#include <assert.h>
#include <gg/error.h>
#include <gg/ipc/client.h>
#include <gg/object.h>
#include <gg/sdk.h>
#include <gg/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static void on_subscription_response(
    void *ctx, GgBuffer topic, GgObject payload, GgIpcSubscriptionHandle handle
) {
    (void) ctx;
    (void) handle;

    if (gg_obj_type(payload) == GG_TYPE_BUF) {
        GgBuffer message = gg_obj_into_buf(payload);
        printf(
            "Received new message on topic %.*s: %.*s\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data,
            (int) message.len,
            message.data
        );
    } else {
        assert(gg_obj_type(payload) == GG_TYPE_MAP);
        printf(
            "Received new message on topic %.*s: (JSON message)\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data
        );
    }
}

int main(void) {
    gg_sdk_init();

    GgError err = ggipc_connect();
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    GgBuffer topic = GG_STR("my/topic");

    GgIpcSubscriptionHandle handle;
    err = ggipc_subscribe_to_topic(
        topic, on_subscription_response, NULL, &handle
    );
    if (err != GG_ERR_OK) {
        fprintf(
            stderr,
            "Failed to subscribe to topic: %.*s\n",
            (int) topic.len,
            topic.data
        );
        exit(-1);
    }

    printf(
        "Successfully subscribed to topic: %.*s\n", (int) topic.len, topic.data
    );

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    while (1) {
        sleep(10);
    }

    // To stop subscribing, close the stream.
    ggipc_close_subscription(handle);
}
```

### 게시/구독 게시자 예제(C\+\+, 구성 요소 SDK)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-publisher-cpp-component-sdk"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제에 게시할 수 있도록 허용합니다.

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that publishes messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to publish to all topics.",
            "operations": ["aws.greengrass#PublishToTopic"],
            "resources": ["*"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux",
        "runtime": "*"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "run": "{artifacts:path}/sample_cpp_publish_to_topic"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubPublisherCpp/1.0.0/sample_cpp_publish_to_topic",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

다음 예제 C\+\+ 애플리케이션에서는 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 메시지를 다른 구성 요소에 게시하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
#include <gg/ipc/client.hpp>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    auto &client = gg::ipc::Client::get();

    auto error = client.connect();
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::string_view message = "Hello, World";
    std::string_view topic = "my/topic";

    error = client.publish_to_topic(topic, message);
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to publish to topic: " << topic << "\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::cout << "Successfully published to topic: " << topic << "\n";
}
```

### 게시/구독 구독자 예제(C\+\+, 구성 요소 SDK)
<a name="ipc-publish-subscribe-example-subscriber-cpp-component-sdk"></a>

다음 예제 레시피에서는 구성 요소가 모든 주제를 구독하도록 허용합니다.

```
{
  "RecipeFormatVersion": "2020-01-25",
  "ComponentName": "com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp",
  "ComponentVersion": "1.0.0",
  "ComponentDescription": "A component that subscribes to messages.",
  "ComponentPublisher": "Amazon",
  "ComponentConfiguration": {
    "DefaultConfiguration": {
      "accessControl": {
        "aws.greengrass.ipc.pubsub": {
          "com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp:pubsub:1": {
            "policyDescription": "Allows access to subscribe to all topics.",
            "operations": ["aws.greengrass#SubscribeToTopic"],
            "resources": ["*"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Manifests": [
    {
      "Platform": {
        "os": "linux",
        "runtime": "*"
      },
      "Lifecycle": {
        "run": "{artifacts:path}/sample_cpp_subscribe_to_topic"
      },
      "Artifacts": [
        {
          "URI": "s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/artifacts/com.example.PubSubSubscriberCpp/1.0.0/sample_cpp_subscribe_to_topic",
          "Permission": {
            "Execute": "OWNER"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

다음 예제 C\+\+ 애플리케이션은 게시/구독 IPC 서비스를 사용하여 다른 구성 요소의 메시지를 구독하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

```
#include <gg/ipc/client.hpp>
#include <gg/object.hpp>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

class ResponseHandler : public gg::ipc::LocalTopicCallback {
    void operator()(
        std::string_view topic,
        gg::Object payload,
        gg::ipc::Subscription &handle
    ) override {
        (void) handle;
        if (payload.index() == GG_TYPE_BUF) {
            std::cout << "Received new message on topic " << topic << ": "
                      << get<gg::Buffer>(payload) << "\n";
        } else {
            assert(payload.index() == GG_TYPE_MAP);
            std::cout << "Received new message on topic " << topic
                      << ": (JSON message)\n";
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    auto &client = gg::ipc::Client::get();

    auto error = client.connect();
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to establish IPC connection.\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::string_view topic = "my/topic";

    static ResponseHandler handler;
    error = client.subscribe_to_topic(topic, handler);
    if (error) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to subscribe to topic: " << topic << "\n";
        exit(-1);
    }

    std::cout << "Successfully subscribed to topic: " << topic << "\n";

    // Keep the main thread alive, or the process will exit.
    while (1) {
        sleep(10);
    }
}
```