# COST 1 How do you implement cloud financial management?
Implementing Cloud Financial Management enables organizations to realize business value and financial success as they optimize their cost and usage and scale on AWS.
**Topics**
+ [COST01-BP01 Establish a cost optimization function](cost_cloud_financial_management_function.md)
+ [COST01-BP02 Establish a partnership between finance and technology](cost_cloud_financial_management_partnership.md)
+ [COST01-BP03 Establish cloud budgets and forecasts](cost_cloud_financial_management_budget_forecast.md)
+ [COST01-BP04 Implement cost awareness in your organizational processes](cost_cloud_financial_management_cost_awareness.md)
+ [COST01-BP05 Report and notify on cost optimization](cost_cloud_financial_management_usage_report.md)
+ [COST01-BP06 Monitor cost proactively](cost_cloud_financial_management_proactive_process.md)
+ [COST01-BP07 Keep up-to-date with new service releases](cost_cloud_financial_management_scheduled.md)
+ [COST01-BP08 Create a cost-aware culture](cost_cloud_financial_management_culture.md)
+ [COST01-BP09 Quantify business value from cost optimization](cost_cloud_financial_management_quantify_value.md)
# COST01-BP01 Establish a cost optimization function
Create a team (Cloud Business Office or Cloud Center of Excellence) that is responsible for establishing and maintaining cost awareness across your organization. The team requires people from finance, technology, and business roles across the organization.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** High
## Implementation guidance
Establish a Cloud Business Office (CBO) or Cloud Center of Excellence (CCOE) team that is responsible for establishing and maintaining a culture of cost awareness in cloud computing. It can be an existing individual, a team within your organization, or a new team of key finance, technology and organization stakeholders from across the organization.
The function (individual or team) prioritizes and spends the required percentage of their time on cost management and cost optimization activities. For a small organization, the function might spend a smaller percentage of time compared to a full-time function for a larger enterprise.
The function requires a multi-disciplined approach, with capabilities in project management, data science, financial analysis, and software or infrastructure development. The function can improve efficiencies of workloads by executing cost optimizations within three different ownerships:
+ **Centralized: **Through designated teams such as finance operations, cost optimization, CBO, or CCOE, customers can design and implement governance mechanisms and drive best practices company-wide.
+ **Decentralized:** Influencing technology teams to execute optimizations.
+ **Hybrid:** A combination of both centralized and decentralized teams can work together to execute cost optimizations.
The function may be measured against their ability to execute and deliver against cost optimization goals (for example, workload efficiency metrics).
You must secure executive sponsorship for this function to make changes, which is a key success factor. The sponsor is regarded as champion for cost efficient cloud consumption, and provides escalation support for the function to ensure that cost optimization activities are treated with the level of priority defined by the organization. Otherwise, guidance will be ignored and cost-saving opportunities will not be prioritized. Together, the sponsor and function ensure that your organization consumes the cloud efficiently and continues to deliver business value.
If you have a Business, Enterprise-On-Ramp, or Enterprise Support plan, and need help to build this team or function, reach out to Cloud Finance Management (CFM) experts through your Account team.
**Implementation steps**
+ ** Define key members:** You need to ensure that all relevant parts of your organization contribute and have a stake in cost management. Common teams within organizations typically include: finance, application or product owners, management, and technical teams (DevOps). Some are engaged full time (finance, technical), others periodically as required. Individuals or teams performing CFM generally need the following set of skills:
+ Software development skills - in the case where scripts and automation are being built out.
+ Infrastructure engineering skills - to deploy scripts or automation, and understand how services or resources are provisioned.
+ Operations acumen - CFM is about operating on the cloud efficiently by measuring, monitoring, modifying, planning and scaling efficient use of the cloud.
+ **Define goals and metrics: **The function needs to deliver value to the organization in different ways. These goals are defined and continually evolve as the organization evolves. Common activities include: creating and executing education programs on cost optimization across the organization, developing organization-wide standards, such as monitoring and reporting for cost optimization, and setting workload goals on optimization. This function also needs to regularly report to the organization on the organization's cost optimization capability.
You can define value-based key performance indicators (KPIs). KPIs can be cost-based or value-based. When you define the KPIs, you can calculate expected cost in terms of efficiency and expected business outcome. Value-based KPIs tie cost and usage metrics to business value drivers and help us rationalize changes in our AWS spend. The first step to deriving value-based KPIs is working together, cross-organizationally, to select and agree upon a standard set of KPIs.
+ ** Establish regular cadence: **The group (finance, technology, and business teams) should come together regularly to review their goals and metrics. A typical cadence involves reviewing the state of the organization, reviewing any programs currently running, and reviewing overall financial and optimization metrics. Then key workloads are reported on in greater detail.
During these regular meetings, you can review workload efficiency (cost) and business outcome. For example, a 20% cost increase for a workload may align with increased customer usage. In this case, this 20% cost increase can be interpreted as an investment. These regular cadence calls can help teams to identify value-based KPIs that provide meaning to the entire organization.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS CCOE Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/tag/ccoe/)
+ [Creating Cloud Business Office](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/creating-the-cloud-business-office/)
+ [CCOE - Cloud Center of Excellence](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/cost-optimization-laying-the-foundation/cloud-center-of-excellence.html)
**Related videos:**
+ [Vanguard CCOE Success Story](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XA08hhRVFQ)
**Related examples:**
+ [Using a Cloud Center of Excellence (CCOE) to Transform the Entire Enterprise](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/using-a-cloud-center-of-excellence-ccoe-to-transform-the-entire-enterprise/)
+ [Building a CCOE to transform the entire enterprise](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/public-sector-cloud-transformation/building-a-cloud-center-of-excellence-ccoe-to-transform-the-entire-enterprise.html)
+ [7 Pitfalls to Avoid When Building CCOE](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/7-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-building-a-ccoe/)
# COST01-BP02 Establish a partnership between finance and technology
Involve finance and technology teams in cost and usage discussions at all stages of your cloud journey. Teams regularly meet and discuss topics such as organizational goals and targets, current state of cost and usage, and financial and accounting practices.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** High
## Implementation guidance
Technology teams innovate faster in the cloud due to shortened approval, procurement, and infrastructure deployment cycles. This can be an adjustment for finance organizations previously used to executing time-consuming and resource-intensive processes for procuring and deploying capital in data center and on-premises environments, and cost allocation only at project approval.
From a finance and procurement organization perspective, the process for capital budgeting, capital requests, approvals, procurement, and installing physical infrastructure is one that has been learned and standardized over decades:
+ Engineering or IT teams are typically the requesters
+ Various finance teams act as approvers and procurers
+ Operations teams rack, stack, and hand off ready-to-use infrastructure
![\[Circular workflow diagram showing technology teams, procurement, supply chain, and operations interactions.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/2022-03-31/framework/images/cost01-bp02-finance-and-procurement-workflow.png)
With the adoption of cloud, infrastructure procurement and consumption are no longer beholden to a chain of dependencies. In the cloud model, technology and product teams are no longer just builders, but operators and owners of their products, responsible for most of the activities historically associated with finance and operations teams, including procurement and deployment.
All it really takes to provision cloud resources is an account, and the right set of permissions. This is also what reduces IT and finance risk; which means teams are always a just few clicks or API calls away from terminating idle or unnecessary cloud resources. This is also what allows technology teams to innovate faster – the agility and ability to spin up and then tear down experiments. While the variable nature of cloud consumption may impact predictability from a capital budgeting and forecasting perspective, cloud provides organizations with the ability to reduce the cost of over-provisioning, as well as reduce the opportunity cost associated with conservative under-provisioning.
![\[Diagram showing Technology and Product teams deploying, Finance and Business teams operating, with optimization at the center.\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/2022-03-31/framework/images/cost01-bp02-deploy-operate-optimize.png)
Establish a partnership between key finance and technology stakeholders to create a shared understanding of organizational goals and develop mechanisms to succeed financially in the variable spend model of cloud computing. Relevant teams within your organization must be involved in cost and usage discussions at all stages of your cloud journey, including:
+ ** Financial leads:** CFOs, financial controllers, financial planners, business analysts, procurement, sourcing, and accounts payable must understand the cloud model of consumption, purchasing options, and the monthly invoicing process. Finance needs to partner with technology teams to create and socialize an IT value story, helping business teams understand how technology spend is linked to business outcomes. This way, technology expenditures are viewed not as costs, but rather as investments. Due to the fundamental differences between the cloud (such as the rate of change in usage, pay as you go pricing, tiered pricing, pricing models, and detailed billing and usage information) compared to on-premises operation, it is essential that the finance organization understands how cloud usage can impact business aspects including procurement processes, incentive tracking, cost allocation and financial statements.
+ **Technology leads:** Technology leads (including product and application owners) must be aware of the financial requirements (for example, budget constraints) as well as business requirements (for example, service level agreements). This allows the workload to be implemented to achieve the desired goals of the organization.
The partnership of finance and technology provides the following benefits:
+ Finance and technology teams have near real-time visibility into cost and usage.
+ Finance and technology teams establish a standard operating procedure to handle cloud spend variance.
+ Finance stakeholders act as strategic advisors with respect to how capital is used to purchase commitment discounts (for example, Reserved Instances or AWS Savings Plans), and how the cloud is used to grow the organization.
+ Existing accounts payable and procurement processes are used with the cloud.
+ Finance and technology teams collaborate on forecasting future AWS cost and usage to align and build organizational budgets.
+ Better cross-organizational communication through a shared language, and common understanding of financial concepts.
Additional stakeholders within your organization that should be involved in cost and usage discussions include:
+ **Business unit owners:** Business unit owners must understand the cloud business model so that they can provide direction to both the business units and the entire company. This cloud knowledge is critical when there is a need to forecast growth and workload usage, and when assessing longer-term purchasing options, such as Reserved Instances or Savings Plans.
+ **Engineering team: **Establishing a partnership between finance and technology teams is essential for building a cost-aware culture that encourages engineers to take action on Cloud Financial Management (CFM). One of the common problems of CFM or finance operations practitioners and finance teams is getting engineers to understand the whole business on cloud, follow best practices, and take recommended actions.
+ **Third parties: **If your organization uses third parties (for example, consultants or tools), ensure that they are aligned to your financial goals and can demonstrate both alignment through their engagement models and a return on investment (ROI). Typically, third parties will contribute to reporting and analysis of any workloads that they manage, and they will provide cost analysis of any workloads that they design.
Implementing CFM and achieving success requires collaboration across finance, technology, and business teams, and a shift in how cloud spend is communicated and evaluated across the organization. Include engineering teams so that they can be part of these cost and usage discussions at all stages, and encourage them to follow best practices and take agreed-upon actions accordingly.
**Implementation steps**
+ **Define key members: **Verify that all relevant members of your finance and technology teams participate in the partnership. Relevant finance members will be those having interaction with the cloud bill. This will typically be CFOs, financial controllers, financial planners, business analysts, procurement, and sourcing. Technology members will typically be product and application owners, technical managers and representatives from all teams that build on the cloud. Other members may include business unit owners, such as marketing, that will influence usage of products, and third parties such as consultants, to achieve alignment to your goals and mechanisms, and to assist with reporting.
+ **Define topics for discussion:** Define the topics that are common across the teams, or will need a shared understanding. Follow cost from that time it is created, until the bill is paid. Note any members involved, and organizational processes that are required to be applied. Understand each step or process it goes through and the associated information, such as pricing models available, tiered pricing, discount models, budgeting, and financial requirements.
+ **Establish regular cadence: **To create a finance and technology partnership, establish a regular communication cadence to create and maintain alignment. The group needs to come together regularly against their goals and metrics. A typical cadence involves reviewing the state of the organization, reviewing any programs currently running, and reviewing overall financial and optimization metrics. Then key workloads are reported on in greater detail.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS News Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/)
# COST01-BP03 Establish cloud budgets and forecasts
Adjust existing organizational budgeting and forecasting processes to be compatible with the highly variable nature of cloud costs and usage. Processes must be dynamic using trend-based or business driver-based algorithms, or a combination of both.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** High
## Implementation guidance
Customers use the cloud for efficiency, speed and agility, which creates a highly variable amount of cost and usage. Costs can decrease with increases in workload efficiency, or as new workloads and features are deployed. It is possible to see the cost increase when the workload efficiency increases, or as new workloads and features are deployed. Or, workloads will scale to serve more of your customers, which increases cloud usage and costs. Resources are now more readily accessible than ever before. With the elasticity of the cloud also brings an elasticity of costs and forecasts. Existing organizational budgeting processes must be modified to incorporate this variability.
Adjust existing budgeting and forecasting processes to become more dynamic using either a trend-based algorithm (using historical costs as inputs), or using business-driver-based algorithms (for example, new product launches or regional expansion), or a combination of both trend and business drivers.
Use [AWS Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-budgets/) to set custom budgets at a granular level by specifying the time period, recurrence, or amount (fixed or variable), and adding filters such as service, AWS Region, and tags. To stay informed on the performance of your existing budgets you can create and schedule [AWS Budgets Reports](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/reporting-cost-budget.html) to be emailed to you and your stakeholders on a regular cadence. You can also create [AWS Budgets Alerts](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/budgets-best-practices.html) based on actual costs, which is reactive in nature, or on forecasted costs, which provides time to implement mitigations against potential cost overruns. You will be alerted when your cost or usage exceeds, or if they are forecasted to exceed, your budgeted amount.
AWS gives you the flexibility to build dynamic forecasting and budgeting processes so you can stay informed on whether costs adhere to, or exceed, budgetary limits.
Use [AWS Cost Explorer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/ce-forecast.html) to forecast costs in a defined future time range based on your past spend. AWS Cost Explorer’s forecasting engine segments your historical data based on charge types (for example, Reserved Instances) and uses a combination of machine learning and rule-based models to predict spend across all charge types individually. Use [AWS Cost Explorer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/ce-forecast.html) to forecast daily (up to three months) or monthly (up to 12 months) cloud costs based on machine learning algorithms applied to your historical costs (trend-based).
Once you’ve determined your trend-based forecast using Cost Explorer, use the [AWS Pricing Calculator](https://calculator.aws/#/) to estimate your AWS use case and future costs based on the expected usage (traffic, requests-per-second, required Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance, and so forth). You can also use it to help you plan how you spend, find cost saving opportunities, and make informed decisions when using AWS.
Use [AWS Cost Anomaly Detection](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-anomaly-detection/) to prevent or reduce cost surprises and enhance control without slowing innovation. AWS Cost Anomaly Detection leverages advanced machine learning technologies to identify anomalous spend and root causes, so you can quickly take action. [With three simple steps](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-anomaly-detection/), you can create your own contextualized monitor and receive alerts when any anomalous spend is detected. Let builders build, and let AWS Cost Anomaly Detection monitor your spend and reduce the risk of billing surprises.
As mentioned in the [Well-Architected Cost Optimization Pillar’s Finance and Technology Partnership](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/cost-optimization-pillar/finance-and-technology-partnership.html) section, it is important to have partnership and cadences between IT, Finance and other stakeholders to ensure that they are all using the same tooling or processes for consistency. In cases where budgets may need to change, increasing cadence touch points can help react to those changes more quickly.
**Implementation steps**
+ **Update existing budget and forecasting processes: **Implement trend-based, business driver-based, or a combination of both in your budgeting and forecasting processes.
+ **Configure alerts and notifications:** Use AWS Budgets Alerts and Cost Anomaly Detection.
+ **Perform regular reviews with key stakeholders:** For example, stakeholders in IT, Finance, Platform, and other areas of the business, to align with changes in business direction and usage.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS Cost Explorer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/ce-forecast.html)
+ [AWS Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-budgets/)
+ [AWS Pricing Calculator](https://calculator.aws/#/)
+ [AWS Cost Anomaly Detection](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-anomaly-detection/)
+ [AWS License Manager](https://aws.amazon.com/license-manager/)
**Related examples:**
+ [Launch: Usage-Based Forecasting now Available in AWS Cost Explorer](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/launch-usage-based-forecasting-now-available-in-aws-cost-explorer/)
+ [AWS Well-Architected Labs - Cost and Usage Governance](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/cost/100_labs/100_2_cost_and_usage_governance/)
# COST01-BP04 Implement cost awareness in your organizational processes
Implement cost awareness, create transparency, and accountability of costs into new or existing processes that impact usage, and leverage existing processes for cost awareness. Implement cost awareness into employee training.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** High
## Implementation guidance
Cost awareness must be implemented in new and existing organizational processes. It is one of the foundational, prerequisite capabilities for other best practices. It is recommended to reuse and modify existing processes where possible — this minimizes the impact to agility and velocity. Report cloud costs to the technology teams and the decision makers in the business and finance teams to raise cost awareness, and establish efficiency key performance indicators (KPIs) for finance and business stakeholders. The following recommendations will help implement cost awareness in your workload:
+ Verify that change management includes a cost measurement to quantify the financial impact of your changes. This helps proactively address cost-related concerns and highlight cost savings.
+ Verify that cost optimization is a core component of your operating capabilities. For example, you can leverage existing incident management processes to investigate and identify root causes for cost and usage anomalies or cost overruns.
+ Accelerate cost savings and business value realization through automation or tooling. When thinking about the cost of implementing, frame the conversation to include an return on investment (ROI) component to justify the investment of time or money.
+ Allocate cloud costs by implementing showbacks or chargebacks for cloud spend, including spend on commitment-based purchase options, shared services and marketplace purchases to drive most cost-aware cloud consumption.
+ Extend existing training and development programs to include cost-awareness training throughout your organization. It is recommended that this includes continuous training and certification. This will build an organization that is capable of self-managing cost and usage.
+ Take advantage of free AWS native tools such as [AWS Cost Anomaly Detection](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-anomaly-detection/), [AWS Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-budgets/), and [AWS Budgets Reports](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/07/introducing-aws-budgets-reports/).
When organizations consistently adopt [Cloud Financial Management](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/) (CFM) practices, those behaviours become ingrained in the way of working and decision-making. The result is a culture that is more cost-aware, from developers architecting a new born-in-the-cloud application, to finance managers analyzing the ROI on these new cloud investments.
**Implementation steps**
+ ** Identify relevant organizational processes: **Each organizational unit reviews their processes and identifies processes that impact cost and usage. Any processes that result in the creation or termination of a resource need to be included for review. Look for processes that can support cost awareness in your business, such as incident management and training.
+ **Establish self-sustaining cost-aware culture:** Make sure all the relevant stakeholders align with cause-of-change and impact as a cost so that they understand cloud cost. This will allow your organization to establish a self-sustaining cost-aware culture of innovation.
+ ** Update processes with cost awareness:** Each process is modified to be made cost aware. The process may require additional pre-checks, such as assessing the impact of cost, or post-checks validating that the expected changes in cost and usage occurred. Supporting processes such as training and incident management can be extended to include items for cost and usage.
To get help, reach out to CFM experts through your Account team, or explore the resources and related documents below.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS Cloud Financial Management](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/)
**Related examples:**
+ [Strategy for Efficient Cloud Cost Management](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/enterprise-strategy/strategy-for-efficient-cloud-cost-management/)
+ [Cost Control Blog Series \$13: How to Handle Cost Shock](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/cost-control-blog-series-3-how-to-handle-cost-shock/)
+ [A Beginner’s Guide to AWS Cost Management](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/beginners-guide-to-aws-cost-management/)
# COST01-BP05 Report and notify on cost optimization
Configure AWS Budgets and AWS Cost Anomaly Detection to provide notifications on cost and usage against targets. Have regular meetings to analyze your workload's cost efficiency and to promote cost-aware culture.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** Low
## Implementation guidance
You must regularly report on cost and usage optimization within your organization. You can implement dedicated sessions to cost optimization, or include cost optimization in your regular operational reporting cycles for your workloads. Use services and tools to identify and implement cost savings opportunities. [AWS Cost Explorer](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-explorer/) provides dashboards and reports. You can track your progress of cost and usage against configured budgets with [AWS Budgets Reports](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/07/introducing-aws-budgets-reports/).
Use [AWS Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-budgets/) to set custom budgets to track your costs and usage, and respond quickly to alerts received from email or Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notifications if you exceed your threshold. [Set your preferred budget](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/budgets-create.html) period to daily, monthly, quarterly, or annually, and create specific budget limits to stay informed on how actual or forecasted costs and usage progress toward your budget threshold. You can also set up [alerts](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/sns-alert-chime.html) and [actions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/budgets-controls.html) against those alerts to run automatically, or through an approval process when a budget target is exceeded.
Implement notifications on cost and usage to ensure that changes in cost and usage can be acted upon quickly if they are unexpected. [AWS Cost Anomaly Detection](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-anomaly-detection/) allows you to reduce cost surprises and enhance control without slowing innovation. AWS Cost Anomaly Detection identifies anomalous spend and root causes, which helps to reduce the risk of billing surprises. With three simple steps, you can create your own contextualized monitor and receive alerts when any anomalous spend is detected.
You can also use [Amazon Quick](https://aws.amazon.com/quicksight/) with AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) data, to provide highly customized reporting with more granular data. Amazon Quick allows you to schedule reports and receive periodic Cost Report emails for historical cost and usage, or cost-saving opportunities.
Use [AWS Trusted Advisor](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/technology/trusted-advisor/), which provides guidance to verify whether provisioned resources are aligned with AWS best practices for cost optimization.
Periodically create reports containing a highlight of Savings Plans, Reserved Instances and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) rightsizing recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer to start reducing the cost associated with steady-state workloads, idle, and underutilized resources. Identify and recoup spend associated with cloud waste for resources that are deployed. Cloud waste occurs when incorrectly-sized resources are created, or different usage patterns are observed instead what is expected. Follow AWS best practices to reduce your waste and [optimize and save](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-optimization/) your cloud costs.
Generate reports regularly for better purchasing options for your resources to drive down unit costs for your workloads. Purchasing options such as Savings Plans, Reserved Instances, or Amazon EC2 Spot Instances offer the deepest cost savings for fault-tolerant workloads and allow stakeholders (business owners, finance and tech teams) to be part of these commitment discussions.
Share the reports that contain opportunities or new release announcements that may help you to reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) of the cloud. Adopt new services, Regions, features, solutions, or new ways to achieve further cost reductions.
**Implementation steps**
+ **Configure AWS Budgets: **Configure AWS Budgets on all accounts for your workload. Set a budget for the overall account spend, and a budget for the workload by using tags.
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Cost and Governance Usage](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/Cost/Cost_Fundamentals/100_2_Cost_and_Usage_Governance/README.html)
+ **Report on cost optimization: **Set up a regular cycle to discuss and analyze the efficiency of the workload. Using the metrics established, report on the metrics achieved and the cost of achieving them. Identify and fix any negative trends, and identify positive trends that you can promote across your organization. Reporting should involve representatives from the application teams and owners, finance, and management.
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Visualization](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/Cost/Cost_Fundamentals/100_5_Cost_Visualization/README.html)
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS Cost Explorer](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/ce-what-is.html)
+ [AWS Trusted Advisor](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/technology/trusted-advisor/)
+ [AWS Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-budgets/)
+ [AWS Budgets Best Practices](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cost-management/latest/userguide/budgets-best-practices.html#budgets-best-practices-setting-budgets%3Fsc_channel=ba%26sc_campaign=aws-budgets%26sc_medium=manage-and-control%26sc_content=web_pdp%26sc_detail=how-do-I%26sc_outcome=aw%26trk=how-do-I_web_pdp_aws-budgets)
+ [Amazon CloudWatch](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/)
+ [AWS CloudTrail](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudtrail/)
+ [Amazon S3 Analytics](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/analytics-storage-class.html)
+ [AWS Cost and Usage Report](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cur/latest/userguide/what-is-cur.html)
**Related examples:**
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Cost and Governance Usage](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/Cost/Cost_Fundamentals/100_2_Cost_and_Usage_Governance/README.html)
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Visualization](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/Cost/Cost_Fundamentals/100_5_Cost_Visualization/README.html)
+ [Key ways to start optimizing your AWS cloud costs](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/key-ways-to-start-optimizing-your-aws-cloud-costs/)
# COST01-BP06 Monitor cost proactively
Implement tooling and dashboards to monitor cost proactively for the workload. Regularly review the costs with configured tools or out of the box tools, do not just look at costs and categories when you receive notifications. Monitoring and analyzing costs proactively helps to identify positive trends and allows you to promote them throughout your organization.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** Low
## Implementation guidance
It is recommended to monitor cost and usage proactively within your organization, not just when there are exceptions or anomalies. Highly visible dashboards throughout your office or work environment ensure that key people have access to the information they need, and indicate the organization’s focus on cost optimization. Visible dashboards allow you to actively promote successful outcomes and implement them throughout your organization.
Create a daily or frequent routine to use [AWS Cost Explorer](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-explorer/) or any other dashboard such as [Amazon Quick](https://aws.amazon.com/quicksight/) to see the costs and analyze proactively. Analyze AWS service usage and costs at the AWS account-level, workload-level, or specific AWS service-level with grouping and filtering, and validate whether they are expected or not. Use the hourly- and resource-level granularity and tags to filter and identify incurring costs for the top resources. You can also build your own reports with the [Cost Intelligence Dashboard](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/cost/200_labs/200_cloud_intelligence/), an [Amazon Quick](https://aws.amazon.com/quicksight/) solution built by AWS Solutions Architects, and compare your budgets with the actual cost and usage.
**Implementation steps**
+ **Report on cost optimization:** Set up a regular cycle to discuss and analyze the efficiency of the workload. Using the metrics established, report on the metrics achieved and the cost of achieving them. Identify and fix any negative trends, and identify positive trends to promote across your organization. Reporting should involve representatives from the application teams and owners, finance, and management.
+ **Create and enable daily granularity [AWS Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/launch-daily-cost-and-usage-budgets/) for the cost and usage to take timely actions to prevent any potential cost overruns: ** AWS Budgets allow you to configure alert notifications, so you stay informed if any of your budget types fall out of your pre-configured thresholds. The best way to leverage AWS Budgets is to set your expected cost and usage as your limits, so that anything above your budgets can be considered overspend.
+ **Create AWS Cost Anomaly Detection for cost monitor: ** [AWS Cost Anomaly Detection](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-anomaly-detection/) uses advanced Machine Learning technology to identify anomalous spend and root causes, so you can quickly take action. It allows you to configure cost monitors that define spend segments you want to evaluate (for example, individual AWS services, member accounts, cost allocation tags, and cost categories), and lets you set when, where, and how you receive your alert notifications. For each monitor, attach multiple alert subscriptions for business owners and technology teams, including a name, a cost impact threshold, and alerting frequency (individual alerts, daily summary, weekly summary) for each subscription.
+ **Use AWS Cost Explorer or integrate your AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) data with Amazon Quick dashboards to visualize your organization’s costs:** AWS Cost Explorer has an easy-to-use interface that lets you visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time. The [Cost Intelligence Dashboard](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/cost/200_labs/200_cloud_intelligence/) is a customizable and accessible dashboard to help create the foundation of your own cost management and optimization tool.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-budgets/)
+ [AWS Cost Explorer](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-explorer/)
+ [Daily Cost and Usage Budgets](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/launch-daily-cost-and-usage-budgets/)
+ [AWS Cost Anomaly Detection](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-anomaly-detection/)
**Related examples:**
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Visualization](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/Cost/Cost_Fundamentals/100_5_Cost_Visualization/README.html)
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Advanced Visualization](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/Cost/Cost_Fundamentals/200_5_Cost_Visualization/README.html)
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Cloud Intelligence Dashboards](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/cost/200_labs/200_cloud_intelligence/)
+ [Well-Architected Labs: Cost Visualization](https://wellarchitectedlabs.com/cost/200_labs/200_5_cost_visualization/)
+ [AWS Cost Anomaly Detection Alert with Slack](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/resources/slack-integrations-for-aws-cost-anomaly-detection-using-aws-chatbot/)
# COST01-BP07 Keep up-to-date with new service releases
Consult regularly with experts or AWS Partners to consider which services and features provide lower cost. Review AWS blogs and other information sources.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** Low
## Implementation guidance
AWS is constantly adding new capabilities so you can leverage the latest technologies to experiment and innovate more quickly. You may be able to implement new AWS services and features to increase cost efficiency in your workload. Regularly review [AWS Cost Management](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/), the [AWS News Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/), the [AWS Cost Management blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/), and [What’s New with AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/new/) for information on new service and feature releases. What's New posts provide a brief overview of all AWS service, feature, and Region expansion announcements as they are released.
**Implementation steps**
+ **Subscribe to blogs:** Go to the AWS blogs pages and subscribe to the What's New Blog and other relevant blogs. You can sign up on the [communication preference](https://pages.awscloud.com/communication-preferences?languages=english) page with your email address.
+ **Subscribe to AWS News: **Regularly review the [AWS News Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/) and [What’s New with AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/new/) for information on new service and feature releases. Subscribe to the RSS feed, or with your email to follow announcements and releases.
+ **Follow AWS Price Reductions:** Regular price cuts on all our services has been a standard way for AWS to pass on the economic efficiencies to our customers gained from our scale. As of April 2022, AWS has reduced prices 115 times since it was launched in 2006. If you have any pending business decisions due to price concerns, you can review them again after price reductions and new service integrations. You can learn about the previous price reductions efforts, including Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances, in the [price-reduction category of the AWS News Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/category/price-reduction/).
+ ** AWS events and meetups: **Attend your local AWS summit, and any local meetups with other organizations from your local area. If you cannot attend in person, try to attend virtual events to hear more from AWS experts and other customers’ business cases.
+ ** Meet with your account team: **Schedule a regular cadence with your account team, meet with them and discuss industry trends and AWS services. Speak with your account manager, Solutions Architect, and support team.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS Cost Management](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/)
+ [What’s New with AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/new/)
+ [AWS News Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/)
**Related examples:**
+ [Amazon EC2 – 15 Years of Optimizing and Saving Your IT Costs](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cost-management/amazon-ec2-15th-years-of-optimizing-and-saving-your-it-costs/)
+ [AWS News Blog - Price Reduction](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/category/price-reduction/)
# COST01-BP08 Create a cost-aware culture
Implement changes or programs across your organization to create a cost-aware culture. It is recommended to start small, then as your capabilities increase and your organization’s use of the cloud increases, implement large and wide ranging programs.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** Low
## Implementation guidance
A cost-aware culture allows you to scale cost optimization and Cloud Financial Management (financial operations, cloud center of excellence, cloud operations teams, and so on) through best practices that are performed in an organic and decentralized manner across your organization. Cost awareness allows you to create high levels of capability across your organization with minimal effort, compared to a strict top-down, centralized approach.
Creating cost awareness in cloud computing, especially for primary cost drivers in cloud computing, allows teams to understand expected outcomes of any changes in cost perspective. Teams who access the cloud environments should be aware of pricing models and the difference between traditional on-premesis datacenters and cloud computing.
The main benefit of a cost-aware culture is that technology teams optimize costs proactively and continually (for example, they are considered a non-functional requirement when architecting new workloads, or making changes to existing workloads) rather than performing reactive cost optimizations as needed.
Small changes in culture can have large impacts on the efficiency of your current and future workloads. Examples of this include:
+ Giving visibility and creating awareness in engineering teams to understand what they do, and what they impact in terms of cost.
+ Gamifying cost and usage across your organization. This can be done through a publicly visible dashboard, or a report that compares normalized costs and usage across teams (for example, cost-per-workload and cost-per-transaction).
+ Recognizing cost efficiency. Reward voluntary or unsolicited cost optimization accomplishments publicly or privately, and learn from mistakes to avoid repeating them in the future.
+ Creating top-down organizational requirements for workloads to run at pre-defined budgets.
+ Questioning business requirements of changes, and the cost impact of requested changes to the architecture infrastructure or workload configuration to make sure you pay only what you need.
+ Making sure the change planner is aware of expected changes that have a cost impact, and that they are confirmed by the stakeholders to deliver business outcomes cost-effectively.
**Implementation steps**
+ **Report cloud costs to technology teams:** To raise cost awareness, and establish efficiency KPIs for finance and business stakeholders.
+ **Inform stakeholders or team members about planned changes:** Create an agenda item to discuss planned changes and the cost-benefit impact on the workload during weekly change meetings.
+ ** Meet with your account team: **Establish a regular meeting cadence with your account team, and discuss industry trends and AWS services. Speak with your account manager, architect, and support team.
+ **Share success stories:** Share success stories about cost reduction for any workload, AWS account, or organization to create a positive attitude and encouragement around cost optimization.
+ **Training: **Ensure technical teams or team members are trained for awareness of resource costs on AWS Cloud.
+ ** AWS events and meetups: **Attend local AWS summits, and any local meetups with other organizations from your local area.
+ **Subscribe to blogs:** Go to the AWS blogs pages and subscribe to the [What's New Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/new/) and other relevant blogs to follow new releases, implementations, examples, and changes shared by AWS.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/)
+ [AWS Cost Management](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cost-management/)
+ [AWS News Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/)
**Related examples:**
+ [AWS Cloud Financial Management](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cloud-financial-management/)
+ [AWS Well-Architected Labs: Cloud Financial Management](https://www.wellarchitectedlabs.com/cost/100_labs/100_goals_and_targets/1_cloud_financial_management/)
# COST01-BP09 Quantify business value from cost optimization
Quantifying business value from cost optimization allows you to understand the entire set of benefits to your organization. Because cost optimization is a necessary investment, quantifying business value allows you to explain the return on investment to stakeholders. Quantifying business value can help you gain more buy-in from stakeholders on future cost optimization investments, and provides a framework to measure the outcomes for your organization’s cost optimization activities.
**Level of risk exposed if this best practice is not established:** Medium
## Implementation guidance
In addition to reporting savings from cost optimization, it is recommended that you quantify the additional value delivered. Cost optimization benefits are typically quantified in terms of lower costs per business outcome. For example, you can quantify On-Demand Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud(Amazon EC2) cost savings when you purchase Savings Plans, which reduce cost and maintain workload output levels. You can quantify cost reductions in AWS spending when idle Amazon EC2 instances are terminated, or unattached Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes are deleted.
The benefits from cost optimization, however, go above and beyond cost reduction or avoidance. Consider capturing additional data to measure efficiency improvements and business value.
**Implementation steps**
+ **Executing cost optimization best practices: **For example, resource lifecycle management reduces infrastructure and operational costs and creates time and unexpected budget for experimentation. This increases organization agility and uncovers new opportunities for revenue generation.
+ **Implementing automation: **For example, Auto Scaling, which ensures elasticity at minimal effort, and increases staff productivity by eliminating manual capacity planning work. For more details on operational resiliency, refer to the [Well-Architected Reliability Pillar whitepaper](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/reliability-pillar/welcome.html).
+ **Forecasting future AWS costs: **Forecasting enables finance stakeholders to set expectations with other internal and external organization stakeholders, and helps improve your organization’s financial predictability. AWS Cost Explorer can be used to perform forecasting for your cost and usage.
## Resources
**Related documents:**
+ [AWS Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/)
+ [AWS Cost Management](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws-cost-management/)
+ [AWS News Blog](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/)
+ [Well-Architected Reliability Pillar whitepaper](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/reliability-pillar/welcome.html)
+ [AWS Cost Explorer](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-explorer/)