Les traductions sont fournies par des outils de traduction automatique. En cas de conflit entre le contenu d'une traduction et celui de la version originale en anglais, la version anglaise prévaudra. # Créez des utilisateurs IAM en lecture seule et en lecture-écriture à l'aide d'un SDK AWS L’exemple de code suivant montre comment créer des utilisateurs et leur associer des politiques. **Avertissement** Afin d’éviter les risques de sécurité, n’employez pas les utilisateurs IAM pour l’authentification lorsque vous développez des logiciels spécialisés ou lorsque vous travaillez avec des données réelles. Préférez la fédération avec un fournisseur d’identité tel que [AWS IAM Identity Center](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/singlesignon/latest/userguide/what-is.html). + Créez des utilisateurs IAM. + Attachez une politique pour un utilisateur afin d’obtenir et de placer des objets dans un compartiment Amazon S3. + Attachez une politique pour le second utilisateur afin d’obtenir des objets depuis le compartiment. + Obtenez des autorisations différentes du compartiment en fonction des informations d’identification de l’utilisateur. ------ #### [ Python ] **Kit SDK for Python (Boto3)** Il y en a plus à ce sujet GitHub. Trouvez l’exemple complet et découvrez comment le configurer et l’exécuter dans le [référentiel d’exemples de code AWS](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/tree/main/python/example_code/iam#code-examples). Créez des fonctions qui encapsulent les actions de l’utilisateur IAM. ``` import logging import time import boto3 from botocore.exceptions import ClientError import access_key_wrapper import policy_wrapper logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) iam = boto3.resource("iam") def create_user(user_name): """ Creates a user. By default, a user has no permissions or access keys. :param user_name: The name of the user. :return: The newly created user. """ try: user = iam.create_user(UserName=user_name) logger.info("Created user %s.", user.name) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't create user %s.", user_name) raise else: return user def update_user(user_name, new_user_name): """ Updates a user's name. :param user_name: The current name of the user to update. :param new_user_name: The new name to assign to the user. :return: The updated user. """ try: user = iam.User(user_name) user.update(NewUserName=new_user_name) logger.info("Renamed %s to %s.", user_name, new_user_name) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't update name for user %s.", user_name) raise return user def list_users(): """ Lists the users in the current account. :return: The list of users. """ try: users = list(iam.users.all()) logger.info("Got %s users.", len(users)) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't get users.") raise else: return users def delete_user(user_name): """ Deletes a user. Before a user can be deleted, all associated resources, such as access keys and policies, must be deleted or detached. :param user_name: The name of the user. """ try: iam.User(user_name).delete() logger.info("Deleted user %s.", user_name) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't delete user %s.", user_name) raise def attach_policy(user_name, policy_arn): """ Attaches a policy to a user. :param user_name: The name of the user. :param policy_arn: The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the policy. """ try: iam.User(user_name).attach_policy(PolicyArn=policy_arn) logger.info("Attached policy %s to user %s.", policy_arn, user_name) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't attach policy %s to user %s.", policy_arn, user_name) raise def detach_policy(user_name, policy_arn): """ Detaches a policy from a user. :param user_name: The name of the user. :param policy_arn: The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the policy. """ try: iam.User(user_name).detach_policy(PolicyArn=policy_arn) logger.info("Detached policy %s from user %s.", policy_arn, user_name) except ClientError: logger.exception( "Couldn't detach policy %s from user %s.", policy_arn, user_name ) raise ``` Créez des fonctions qui encapsulent les actions de politique IAM. ``` import json import logging import operator import pprint import time import boto3 from botocore.exceptions import ClientError logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) iam = boto3.resource("iam") def create_policy(name, description, actions, resource_arn): """ Creates a policy that contains a single statement. :param name: The name of the policy to create. :param description: The description of the policy. :param actions: The actions allowed by the policy. These typically take the form of service:action, such as s3:PutObject. :param resource_arn: The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the resource this policy applies to. This ARN can contain wildcards, such as 'arn:aws:s3:::amzn-s3-demo-bucket/*' to allow actions on all objects in the bucket named 'amzn-s3-demo-bucket'. :return: The newly created policy. """ policy_doc = { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow", "Action": actions, "Resource": resource_arn}], } try: policy = iam.create_policy( PolicyName=name, Description=description, PolicyDocument=json.dumps(policy_doc), ) logger.info("Created policy %s.", policy.arn) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't create policy %s.", name) raise else: return policy def delete_policy(policy_arn): """ Deletes a policy. :param policy_arn: The ARN of the policy to delete. """ try: iam.Policy(policy_arn).delete() logger.info("Deleted policy %s.", policy_arn) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't delete policy %s.", policy_arn) raise ``` Créez des fonctions qui encapsulent les actions de clé d’accès IAM. ``` import logging import boto3 from botocore.exceptions import ClientError logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) iam = boto3.resource("iam") def create_key(user_name): """ Creates an access key for the specified user. Each user can have a maximum of two keys. :param user_name: The name of the user. :return: The created access key. """ try: key_pair = iam.User(user_name).create_access_key_pair() logger.info( "Created access key pair for %s. Key ID is %s.", key_pair.user_name, key_pair.id, ) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't create access key pair for %s.", user_name) raise else: return key_pair def delete_key(user_name, key_id): """ Deletes a user's access key. :param user_name: The user that owns the key. :param key_id: The ID of the key to delete. """ try: key = iam.AccessKey(user_name, key_id) key.delete() logger.info("Deleted access key %s for %s.", key.id, key.user_name) except ClientError: logger.exception("Couldn't delete key %s for %s", key_id, user_name) raise ``` Utilisez les fonctions d’encapsulation pour créer des utilisateurs avec des politiques différentes et utilisez leurs informations d’identification pour accéder à un compartiment Amazon S3. ``` def usage_demo(): """ Shows how to manage users, keys, and policies. This demonstration creates two users: one user who can put and get objects in an Amazon S3 bucket, and another user who can only get objects from the bucket. The demo then shows how the users can perform only the actions they are permitted to perform. """ logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s: %(message)s") print("-" * 88) print("Welcome to the AWS Identity and Account Management user demo.") print("-" * 88) print( "Users can have policies and roles attached to grant them specific " "permissions." ) s3 = boto3.resource("s3") bucket = s3.create_bucket( Bucket=f"demo-iam-bucket-{time.time_ns()}", CreateBucketConfiguration={ "LocationConstraint": s3.meta.client.meta.region_name }, ) print(f"Created an Amazon S3 bucket named {bucket.name}.") user_read_writer = create_user("demo-iam-read-writer") user_reader = create_user("demo-iam-reader") print(f"Created two IAM users: {user_read_writer.name} and {user_reader.name}") update_user(user_read_writer.name, "demo-iam-creator") update_user(user_reader.name, "demo-iam-getter") users = list_users() user_read_writer = next( user for user in users if user.user_id == user_read_writer.user_id ) user_reader = next(user for user in users if user.user_id == user_reader.user_id) print( f"Changed the names of the users to {user_read_writer.name} " f"and {user_reader.name}." ) read_write_policy = policy_wrapper.create_policy( "demo-iam-read-write-policy", "Grants rights to create and get an object in the demo bucket.", ["s3:PutObject", "s3:GetObject"], f"arn:aws:s3:::{bucket.name}/*", ) print( f"Created policy {read_write_policy.policy_name} with ARN: {read_write_policy.arn}" ) print(read_write_policy.description) read_policy = policy_wrapper.create_policy( "demo-iam-read-policy", "Grants rights to get an object from the demo bucket.", "s3:GetObject", f"arn:aws:s3:::{bucket.name}/*", ) print(f"Created policy {read_policy.policy_name} with ARN: {read_policy.arn}") print(read_policy.description) attach_policy(user_read_writer.name, read_write_policy.arn) print(f"Attached {read_write_policy.policy_name} to {user_read_writer.name}.") attach_policy(user_reader.name, read_policy.arn) print(f"Attached {read_policy.policy_name} to {user_reader.name}.") user_read_writer_key = access_key_wrapper.create_key(user_read_writer.name) print(f"Created access key pair for {user_read_writer.name}.") user_reader_key = access_key_wrapper.create_key(user_reader.name) print(f"Created access key pair for {user_reader.name}.") s3_read_writer_resource = boto3.resource( "s3", aws_access_key_id=user_read_writer_key.id, aws_secret_access_key=user_read_writer_key.secret, ) demo_object_key = f"object-{time.time_ns()}" demo_object = None while demo_object is None: try: demo_object = s3_read_writer_resource.Bucket(bucket.name).put_object( Key=demo_object_key, Body=b"AWS IAM demo object content!" ) except ClientError as error: if error.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidAccessKeyId": print("Access key not yet available. Waiting...") time.sleep(1) else: raise print( f"Put {demo_object_key} into {bucket.name} using " f"{user_read_writer.name}'s credentials." ) read_writer_object = s3_read_writer_resource.Bucket(bucket.name).Object( demo_object_key ) read_writer_content = read_writer_object.get()["Body"].read() print(f"Got object {read_writer_object.key} using read-writer user's credentials.") print(f"Object content: {read_writer_content}") s3_reader_resource = boto3.resource( "s3", aws_access_key_id=user_reader_key.id, aws_secret_access_key=user_reader_key.secret, ) demo_content = None while demo_content is None: try: demo_object = s3_reader_resource.Bucket(bucket.name).Object(demo_object_key) demo_content = demo_object.get()["Body"].read() print(f"Got object {demo_object.key} using reader user's credentials.") print(f"Object content: {demo_content}") except ClientError as error: if error.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidAccessKeyId": print("Access key not yet available. Waiting...") time.sleep(1) else: raise try: demo_object.delete() except ClientError as error: if error.response["Error"]["Code"] == "AccessDenied": print("-" * 88) print( "Tried to delete the object using the reader user's credentials. " "Got expected AccessDenied error because the reader is not " "allowed to delete objects." ) print("-" * 88) access_key_wrapper.delete_key(user_reader.name, user_reader_key.id) detach_policy(user_reader.name, read_policy.arn) policy_wrapper.delete_policy(read_policy.arn) delete_user(user_reader.name) print(f"Deleted keys, detached and deleted policy, and deleted {user_reader.name}.") access_key_wrapper.delete_key(user_read_writer.name, user_read_writer_key.id) detach_policy(user_read_writer.name, read_write_policy.arn) policy_wrapper.delete_policy(read_write_policy.arn) delete_user(user_read_writer.name) print( f"Deleted keys, detached and deleted policy, and deleted {user_read_writer.name}." ) bucket.objects.delete() bucket.delete() print(f"Emptied and deleted {bucket.name}.") print("Thanks for watching!") ``` + Pour plus de détails sur l’API, consultez les rubriques suivantes dans la *Référence des API du kit AWS SDK for Python (Boto3)*. + [AttachUserPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/AttachUserPolicy) + [CreateAccessKey](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/CreateAccessKey) + [CreatePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/CreatePolicy) + [CreateUser](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/CreateUser) + [DeleteAccessKey](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteAccessKey) + [DeletePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/DeletePolicy) + [DeleteUser](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteUser) + [DetachUserPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/DetachUserPolicy) + [ListUsers](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/ListUsers) + [UpdateUser](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/iam-2010-05-08/UpdateUser) ------ Pour obtenir la liste complète des guides de développement du AWS SDK et des exemples de code, consultez[Utilisation de ce service avec un AWS SDK](sdk-general-information-section.md). Cette rubrique comprend également des informations sur le démarrage et sur les versions précédentes du kit SDK.