# Query using date and time
<a name="query-examples-waf-logs-date-time"></a>

The examples in this section include queries that use date and time values.
+ [Return the timestamp field in human-readable ISO 8601 format](#waf-example-return-human-readable-timestamp)
+ [Return records from the last 24 hours](#waf-example-return-records-last-24-hours)
+ [Return records for a specified date range and IP address](#waf-example-return-records-date-range-and-ip)
+ [For a specified date range, count the number of IP addresses in five minute intervals](#waf-example-count-ip-addresses-in-date-range)
+ [Count the number of X-Forwarded-For IP in the last 10 days](#waf-example-count-x-forwarded-for-ip)

**Example – Return the timestamp field in human-readable ISO 8601 format**  
The following query uses the `from_unixtime` and `to_iso8601` functions to return the `timestamp` field in human-readable ISO 8601 format (for example, `2019-12-13T23:40:12.000Z` instead of `1576280412771`). The query also returns the HTTP source name, source ID, and request.   

```
SELECT to_iso8601(from_unixtime(timestamp / 1000)) as time_ISO_8601,
       httpsourcename,
       httpsourceid,
       httprequest
FROM waf_logs
LIMIT 10;
```

**Example – Return records from the last 24 hours**  
The following query uses a filter in the `WHERE` clause to return the HTTP source name, HTTP source ID, and HTTP request fields for records from the last 24 hours.  

```
SELECT to_iso8601(from_unixtime(timestamp/1000)) AS time_ISO_8601, 
       httpsourcename, 
       httpsourceid, 
       httprequest 
FROM waf_logs
WHERE from_unixtime(timestamp/1000) > now() - interval '1' day
LIMIT 10;
```

**Example – Return records for a specified date range and IP address**  
The following query lists the records in a specified date range for a specified client IP address.  

```
SELECT * 
FROM waf_logs 
WHERE httprequest.clientip='53.21.198.66' AND "date" >= '2021/03/01' AND "date" < '2021/03/31'
```

**Example – For a specified date range, count the number of IP addresses in five minute intervals**  
The following query counts, for a particular date range, the number of IP addresses in five minute intervals.  

```
WITH test_dataset AS 
  (SELECT 
     format_datetime(from_unixtime((timestamp/1000) - ((minute(from_unixtime(timestamp / 1000))%5) * 60)),'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm') AS five_minutes_ts,
     "httprequest"."clientip" 
     FROM waf_logs 
     WHERE "date" >= '2021/03/01' AND "date" < '2021/03/31')
SELECT five_minutes_ts,"clientip",count(*) ip_count 
FROM test_dataset 
GROUP BY five_minutes_ts,"clientip"
```

**Example – Count the number of X-Forwarded-For IP in the last 10 days**  
The following query filters the request headers and counts the number of X-Forwarded-For IP in the last 10 days.  

```
WITH test_dataset AS
  (SELECT header
   FROM waf_logs
   CROSS JOIN UNNEST (httprequest.headers) AS t(header)
   WHERE from_unixtime("timestamp"/1000) > now() - interval '10' DAY) 
SELECT header.value AS ip,
       count(*) AS COUNT 
FROM test_dataset 
WHERE header.name='X-Forwarded-For' 
GROUP BY header.value 
ORDER BY COUNT DESC
```

For more information about date and time functions, see [Date and time functions and operators](https://trino.io/docs/current/functions/datetime.html) in the Trino documentation.