# Monitoring Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database with CloudWatch Database Insights The Standard mode of Database Insights is required as part of enabling Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database. You can use it to monitor the database load (DB Load) of your Limitless Database DB instances in real time. DB Load measures the level of session activity in a database. You can use Database Insights to analyze and troubleshoot the performance of your Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database DB instances at scale. For more information about CloudWatch Database Insights, see the following. + [Monitoring Amazon Aurora databases with CloudWatch Database Insights](USER_DatabaseInsights.md) + [CloudWatch Database Insights](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/Database-Insights.html) in the *Amazon CloudWatch User Guide* + [Get started with CloudWatch Database Insights](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/Database-Insights-Get-Started.html) in the *Amazon CloudWatch User Guide* + [Configuring your database to monitor slow SQL queries with Database Insights for Amazon Aurora](USER_DatabaseInsights.SlowSQL.md) For information about turning on the Advanced mode or Standard mode of Database Insights, see the following topics. **Topics** + [Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database](limitless-monitoring.cwdbi.advanced.md) + [Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database](limitless-monitoring.cwdbi.standard.md) # Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights for your Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database, use the following procedures. ## Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database Turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a database for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you create a DB cluster. Settings for Database Insights apply to all DB instances in your DB cluster. **To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose **Create database**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Advanced mode**. Then, choose the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. The retention period must be 15-24 months for the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon Aurora resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Create database**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster, call the [create-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/create-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the DB cluster. + `--database-insights-mode advanced` to turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + `--engine` – The DB cluster must use the `aurora-postgresql` DB engine. + `--engine-version` – The DB cluster must use one of the DB engine versions: + `16.4-limitless` + `16.6-limitless` + `--storage-type` – The DB cluster must use the `aurora-iopt1` DB cluster storage configuration. + `--cluster-scalability-type` – Specifies the scalability mode of the Aurora DB cluster. When set to `limitless`, the cluster operates as an Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database. When set to `standard` (the default), the cluster uses normal DB instance creation. **Note** You can't modify this setting after you create the DB cluster. + `--master-username` – The name of the master user for the DB cluster. + `--master-user-password` – The password for the master user. + `--enable-performance-insights` to turn on Performance Insights for Database Insights. + `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB cluster. To turn on Database Insights, the retention period must be at least 465 days. + `--monitoring-interval` – The interval, in seconds, between points when Enhanced Monitoring metrics are collected for the DB cluster. This value can't be `0`. + `--monitoring-role-arn` – The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the IAM role that permits RDS to send Enhanced Monitoring metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. + `--enable-cloudwatch-logs-exports` – You must export `postgresql` logs to CloudWatch Logs. The following example enables the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds create-db-cluster \ --db-cluster-identifier my-limitless-cluster \ --database-insights-mode advanced \ --engine aurora-postgresql \ --engine-version 16.6-limitless \ --storage-type aurora-iopt1 \ --cluster-scalability-type limitless \ --master-username myuser \ --master-user-password mypassword \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 \ --monitoring-interval 5 \ --monitoring-role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/EMrole \ --enable-cloudwatch-logs-exports postgresql ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds create-db-cluster ^ --db-cluster-identifier my-limitless-cluster ^ --database-insights-mode advanced ^ --engine aurora-postgresql ^ --engine-version 16.6-limitless ^ --storage-type aurora-iopt1 ^ --cluster-scalability-type limitless ^ --master-username myuser ^ --master-user-password mypassword ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 ^ --monitoring-interval 5 ^ --monitoring-role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/EMrole ^ --enable-cloudwatch-logs-exports postgresql ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you create a DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [CreateDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_CreateDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `advanced` + `Engine` to `aurora-postgresql` + `EngineVersion` to an available engine version for Limitless Database + `StorageType` to `aurora-iopt1` + `ClusterScalabilityType` to `limitless` + `MasterUsername` + `MasterUserPassword` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` + `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least `465` days + `MonitoringInterval` to a value that isn't `0` + `MonitoringRoleArn` to the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the IAM role that permits RDS to send Enhanced Monitoring metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs ------ ## Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database Turn on Database Insights when modifying a database for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database. **Note** To enable Database Insights, each DB instance in aDB cluster must have the same Performance Insights and Enhanced Monitoring settings. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you modify a DB cluster. Settings for Database Insights apply to all DB instances in your DB cluster. **To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose a DB cluster, and choose **Modify**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Advanced mode**. Then, choose the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. The retention period must be 15-24 months for the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon Aurora resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Continue**. 1. For **Scheduling of Modifications**, choose **Apply immediately**. If you choose **Apply during the next scheduled maintenance window**, your database ignores this setting and turns on the Advanced mode of Database Insights immediately. 1. Choose **Modify cluster**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster, call the [modify-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/modify-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--database-insights-mode advanced` to turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the DB cluster. + `--enable-performance-insights` to turn on Performance Insights for Database Insights. + `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB cluster. To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights, the retention period must be at least 465 days. The following example enables the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds modify-db-cluster \ --database-insights-mode advanced \ --db-cluster-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds modify-db-cluster ^ --database-insights-mode advanced ^ --db-cluster-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you modify a DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [ModifyDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_ModifyDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `advanced` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` + `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least `465` days ------ # Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights for your Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database, use the following procedures. ## Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database Turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a database for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you create a DB cluster. Settings for Database Insights apply to all DB instances in your DB cluster. **To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose **Create database**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Standard mode**. Then, choose the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. To create a DB cluster for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database, the retention period must be at least 31 days. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon Aurora resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Create database**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster, call the [create-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/create-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the DB cluster. + `--database-insights-mode standard` to turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights. + `--engine` – The DB cluster must use the `aurora-postgresql` DB engine. + `--engine-version` – The DB cluster must use one of the DB engine versions: + `16.4-limitless` + `16.6-limitless` + `--storage-type` – The DB cluster must use the `aurora-iopt1` DB cluster storage configuration. + `--cluster-scalability-type` – Specifies the scalability mode of the Aurora DB cluster. When set to `limitless`, the cluster operates as an Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database. When set to `standard` (the default), the cluster uses normal DB instance creation. **Note** You can't modify this setting after you create the DB cluster. + `--master-username` – The name of the master user for the DB cluster. + `--master-user-password` – The password for the master user. + `--enable-performance-insights` to turn on Performance Insights for Database Insights. + `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB cluster. To create a DB cluster for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database, the retention period must be at least 31 days. + `--monitoring-interval` – The interval, in seconds, between points when Enhanced Monitoring metrics are collected for the DB cluster. This value can't be `0`. + `--monitoring-role-arn` – The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the IAM role that permits RDS to send Enhanced Monitoring metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. + `--enable-cloudwatch-logs-exports` – You must export `postgresql` logs to CloudWatch Logs. The following example enables the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a DB cluster. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds create-db-cluster \ --db-cluster-identifier my-limitless-cluster \ --database-insights-mode standard \ --engine aurora-postgresql \ --engine-version 16.6-limitless \ --storage-type aurora-iopt1 \ --cluster-scalability-type limitless \ --master-username myuser \ --master-user-password mypassword \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 31 \ --monitoring-interval 5 \ --monitoring-role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/EMrole \ --enable-cloudwatch-logs-exports postgresql ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds create-db-cluster ^ --db-cluster-identifier my-limitless-cluster ^ --database-insights-mode standard ^ --engine aurora-postgresql ^ --engine-version 16.6-limitless ^ --storage-type aurora-iopt1 ^ --cluster-scalability-type limitless ^ --master-username myuser ^ --master-user-password mypassword ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 31 ^ --monitoring-interval 5 ^ --monitoring-role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/EMrole ^ --enable-cloudwatch-logs-exports postgresql ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you create a DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [CreateDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_CreateDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `standard` + `Engine` to `aurora-postgresql` + `EngineVersion` to an available engine version for Limitless Database + `StorageType` to `aurora-iopt1` + `ClusterScalabilityType` to `limitless` + `MasterUsername` + `MasterUserPassword` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` + `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least `31` days + `MonitoringInterval` to a value that isn't `0` + `MonitoringRoleArn` to the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the IAM role that permits RDS to send Enhanced Monitoring metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs ------ ## Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database Turn on Database Insights when modifying a database for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database. **Note** To enable Database Insights, each DB instance in a DB cluster must have the same Performance Insights and Enhanced Monitoring settings. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you create a DB cluster. Settings for Database Insights apply to all DB instances in your DB cluster. **To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose a DB cluster, and choose **Modify**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Standard mode**. Then, choose the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. To create a DB cluster for Aurora PostgreSQL Limitless Database, the retention period must be at least 31 days. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon Aurora resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Continue**. 1. For **Scheduling of Modifications**, choose **Apply immediately**. If you choose **Apply during the next scheduled maintenance window**, your database ignores this setting and turns on the Standard mode of Database Insights immediately. 1. Choose **Modify cluster**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster, call the [modify-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/modify-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the DB cluster. + `--database-insights-mode standard` to turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights. + `--enable-performance-insights` to turn on Performance Insights for Database Insights. + `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB cluster. To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights, the retention period must be at least 31 days. The following example enables the Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB cluster. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds modify-db-cluster \ --database-insights-mode standard \ --db-cluster-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 31 ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds modify-db-cluster ^ --database-insights-mode standard ^ --db-cluster-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 31 ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you modify a DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [ModifyDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_ModifyDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `standard` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` + `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least `31` days ------